Question 1

In which direction is disc material displaced when a lateral force is applied to the spine?

Accepted Answer

A) Anteriorly 
B) Laterally opposite direction of force 
C) Posteriorly 
D) Laterally same direction of force 
A) Anteriorly 
B) Laterally opposite direction of force 
C) Posteriorly 
D) Laterally same direction of force B

Question 2

A patient presents with severe pain at 45° of cervical extension.What functional activity is MOST LIKELY impaired due to the finding?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased ability to look over the shoulder when backing up a car 
B) Decreased ability to look up on a high shelf 
C) Decreased ability to look down at the feet 
D) No impairment of function, as this is a normal range of motion for cervical extension 
A) Decreased ability to look over the shoulder when backing up a car 
B) Decreased ability to look up on a high shelf 
C) Decreased ability to look down at the feet 
D) No impairment of function, as this is a normal range of motion for cervical extension B

Question 3

Which of the following motions results from contraction of bilateral upper trapezius muscles?

Accepted Answer

A) Cervical extension 
B) Right cervical lateral bending 
C) Cervical flexion 
D) Left cervical lateral bending 
A) Cervical extension 
B) Right cervical lateral bending 
C) Cervical flexion 
D) Left cervical lateral bending A

Question 4

At what spinal level does occipital flexion and extension occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Atlantoaxial joints 
B) C3-C7 
C) Atlanto-occipital joints 
D) C1-C7 
A) Atlantoaxial joints 
B) C3-C7 
C) Atlanto-occipital joints 
D) C1-C7

Question 5

At what vertebral level does the greatest amount of lumbar flexion occur?

Accepted Answer

A) L5-S1 
B) L1-L2 
C) L3-L4 
D) L4-L5 
A) L5-S1 
B) L1-L2 
C) L3-L4 
D) L4-L5

Question 6

Which of the following statements BEST describes the anatomical orientation of cervical facet joints?

Accepted Answer

A) Oriented 45° between frontal and transverse planes, supports significant rotation and lateral bending 
B) Oriented mainly in the frontal plane, allowing more lateral bending than flexion/extension 
C) Oriented closer to the sagittal plane, allowing mainly flexion and extension 
D) Oriented equally in all three planes 
A) Oriented 45° between frontal and transverse planes, supports significant rotation and lateral bending 
B) Oriented mainly in the frontal plane, allowing more lateral bending than flexion/extension 
C) Oriented closer to the sagittal plane, allowing mainly flexion and extension 
D) Oriented equally in all three planes

Question 7

Which of the following BEST describes an excessive thoracic kyphosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Thoracic extension curve 
B) Anterior convex and posterior concave thoracic curve 
C) Thoracic lateral side-bending curve 
D) Anterior concave and posterior convex thoracic curve 
A) Thoracic extension curve 
B) Anterior convex and posterior concave thoracic curve 
C) Thoracic lateral side-bending curve 
D) Anterior concave and posterior convex thoracic curve

Question 8

Which of the spinal muscles control segmental vertebral shearing and torsion?

Accepted Answer

A) Latissimus dorsi 
B) Abdominal muscles 
C) Erector spinae muscles 
D) Multifidus and deep rotator muscles 
A) Latissimus dorsi 
B) Abdominal muscles 
C) Erector spinae muscles 
D) Multifidus and deep rotator muscles

Question 9

-Looking at the image, which muscles are MOST LIKELY to be overlengthened and weak?

Accepted Answer

A) Abdominal flexors, occipital extensors 
B) Thoracolumbar and lower cervical extensors 
C) Abdominal and cervical flexors 
D) Thoracolumbar and lower cervical flexors 
A) Abdominal flexors, occipital extensors 
B) Thoracolumbar and lower cervical extensors 
C) Abdominal and cervical flexors 
D) Thoracolumbar and lower cervical flexors

Question 10

Which of the following cervical positions describes forward head posture?

Accepted Answer

A) Lower cervical flexion and upper cervical extension 
B) Upper and lower cervical flexion 
C) Lower cervical extension and upper cervical flexion 
D) Upper and lower cervical extension 
A) Lower cervical flexion and upper cervical extension 
B) Upper and lower cervical flexion 
C) Lower cervical extension and upper cervical flexion 
D) Upper and lower cervical extension

Question 11

Which of the following factors is associated with an increase in the lumbosacral angle?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased lumbar lordosis and L5-S1 shearing 
B) Decreased lumbar lordosis and increased L5-S1 shearing 
C) Increased lumbar lordosis and L5-S1 shearing 
D) Increased lumbar lordosis and decreased L5-S1 shearing 
A) Decreased lumbar lordosis and L5-S1 shearing 
B) Decreased lumbar lordosis and increased L5-S1 shearing 
C) Increased lumbar lordosis and L5-S1 shearing 
D) Increased lumbar lordosis and decreased L5-S1 shearing

Question 12

-What motion is MOST OFTEN coupled with lateral flexion of the spine in the image?

Accepted Answer

A) Rotation 
B) Flexion 
C) Side-bending 
D) Extension 
A) Rotation 
B) Flexion 
C) Side-bending 
D) Extension

Question 13

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) Hip hikes the stance leg during a single leg stance 
B) Provides sagittal plane trunk stability 
C) Hip hikes the unloaded leg during a single leg stance 
D) Provides transverse plane trunk stability 
A) Hip hikes the stance leg during a single leg stance 
B) Provides sagittal plane trunk stability 
C) Hip hikes the unloaded leg during a single leg stance 
D) Provides transverse plane trunk stability

Question 14

What is a major function of the thoracolumbar fascia?

Accepted Answer

A) Decrease spinal stability by providing active tension during core muscle contractions 
B) Increase spinal stability by providing passive tension during core muscle contractions 
C) Increase spinal stability by providing active tension during core muscle contractions 
D) Decrease spinal stability by providing passive tension during core muscle contractions 
A) Decrease spinal stability by providing active tension during core muscle contractions 
B) Increase spinal stability by providing passive tension during core muscle contractions 
C) Increase spinal stability by providing active tension during core muscle contractions 
D) Decrease spinal stability by providing passive tension during core muscle contractions

Question 15

When performing forward trunk flexion in the standing position, which muscles are activated?

Accepted Answer

A) Erector spinae muscles are eccentrically contracting. 
B) Abdominal muscles are eccentrically contracting. 
C) Erector spinae muscles are concentrically contracting. 
D) Abdominal muscles are concentrically contracting. 
A) Erector spinae muscles are eccentrically contracting. 
B) Abdominal muscles are eccentrically contracting. 
C) Erector spinae muscles are concentrically contracting. 
D) Abdominal muscles are concentrically contracting.

Question 16

Which of the following definitions BEST describes sacral nutation?

Accepted Answer

A) Sacral base moves anterior and superior 
B) Sacral base moves anterior and inferior 
C) Sacral base moves posterior and inferior 
D) Sacral base moves posterior and superior 
A) Sacral base moves anterior and superior 
B) Sacral base moves anterior and inferior 
C) Sacral base moves posterior and inferior 
D) Sacral base moves posterior and superior

Question 17

Using the image, answer following questions .
Which ones?
Please confirm following questions are correct questions for image.
-What is the position of the pelvis and lumbar spine in the image?

Accepted Answer

A) Posterior pelvic tilt, lumbar flexion 
B) Anterior pelvic tilt, lumbar flexion. 
C) Posterior pelvic tilt, lumbar extension. 
D) Anterior pelvic tilt, lumbar flexion 
A) Posterior pelvic tilt, lumbar flexion 
B) Anterior pelvic tilt, lumbar flexion. 
C) Posterior pelvic tilt, lumbar extension. 
D) Anterior pelvic tilt, lumbar flexion

Question 18

What spinal movement separates the spinous processes and widens the intervertebral foramen?

Accepted Answer

A) Rotation 
B) Flexion 
C) Side-bending 
D) Extension 
A) Rotation 
B) Flexion 
C) Side-bending 
D) Extension

Question 19

Which of the following definitions BEST describes sacral counternutation?

Accepted Answer

A) Sacral base moves anterior and superior 
B) Sacral base moves anterior and inferior 
C) Sacral base moves posterior and inferior 
D) Sacral base moves posterior and superior 
A) Sacral base moves anterior and superior 
B) Sacral base moves anterior and inferior 
C) Sacral base moves posterior and inferior 
D) Sacral base moves posterior and superior

Question 20

Which of the following statements BEST describes the anatomical orientation of thoracic facet joints?

Accepted Answer

A) Oriented 45° between frontal and transverse planes, supports significant rotation and lateral bending 
B) Oriented mainly in the frontal plane, allowing more lateral bending than flexion/extension 
C) Oriented closer to the sagittal plane, allowing mainly flexion and extension 
D) Oriented equally in all three planes 
A) Oriented 45° between frontal and transverse planes, supports significant rotation and lateral bending 
B) Oriented mainly in the frontal plane, allowing more lateral bending than flexion/extension 
C) Oriented closer to the sagittal plane, allowing mainly flexion and extension 
D) Oriented equally in all three planes

In which direction is disc material displaced when a lateral force is applied to the spine?

A patient presents with severe pain at 45° of cervical extension.What functional activity is MOST LIKELY impaired due to the finding?

Which of the following motions results from contraction of bilateral upper trapezius muscles?

At what spinal level does occipital flexion and extension occur?

At what vertebral level does the greatest amount of lumbar flexion occur?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the anatomical orientation of cervical facet joints?

Which of the following BEST describes an excessive thoracic kyphosis?

Which of the spinal muscles control segmental vertebral shearing and torsion?

-Looking at the image, which muscles are MOST LIKELY to be overlengthened and weak?

Which of the following cervical positions describes forward head posture?

Which of the following factors is associated with an increase in the lumbosacral angle?

-What motion is MOST OFTEN coupled with lateral flexion of the spine in the image?

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

What is a major function of the thoracolumbar fascia?

When performing forward trunk flexion in the standing position, which muscles are activated?

Which of the following definitions BEST describes sacral nutation?

Using the image, answer following questions . Which ones? Please confirm following questions are correct questions for image. -What is the position of the pelvis and lumbar spine in the image?

What spinal movement separates the spinous processes and widens the intervertebral foramen?

Which of the following definitions BEST describes sacral counternutation?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the anatomical orientation of thoracic facet joints?

Principles of Kinesiology and Biomechanics

Structure and Function of Joints

Structure and Function of Muscles

Additional Biomechanical Principles

Structure and Ventilation Function of the Thorax

Structure and Function of the Temporomandibular Joint

Structure and Function of the Shoulder Complex

Structure and Function of the Elbow Complex

Structure and Function of the Wrist and Hand Complex

Structure and Function of the Hip Complex

Structure and Function of the Knee

Structure and Function of the Ankle and Foot Complex

The Kinesiology of Gait

Filters

Exam 5: Structure and Function of the Spine

In which direction is disc material displaced when a lateral force is applied to the spine?

A patient presents with severe pain at 45° of cervical extension.What functional activity is MOST LIKELY impaired due to the finding?

Which of the following motions results from contraction of bilateral upper trapezius muscles?

At what spinal level does occipital flexion and extension occur?

At what vertebral level does the greatest amount of lumbar flexion occur?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the anatomical orientation of cervical facet joints?

Which of the following BEST describes an excessive thoracic kyphosis?

Which of the spinal muscles control segmental vertebral shearing and torsion?

-Looking at the image, which muscles are MOST LIKELY to be overlengthened and weak?

Which of the following cervical positions describes forward head posture?

Which of the following factors is associated with an increase in the lumbosacral angle?

-What motion is MOST OFTEN coupled with lateral flexion of the spine in the image?

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

What is a major function of the thoracolumbar fascia?

When performing forward trunk flexion in the standing position, which muscles are activated?

Which of the following definitions BEST describes sacral nutation?

Using the image, answer following questions . Which ones? Please confirm following questions are correct questions for image. -What is the position of the pelvis and lumbar spine in the image?

What spinal movement separates the spinous processes and widens the intervertebral foramen?

Which of the following definitions BEST describes sacral counternutation?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the anatomical orientation of thoracic facet joints?

Principles of Kinesiology and Biomechanics

Structure and Function of Joints

Structure and Function of Muscles

Additional Biomechanical Principles

Structure and Ventilation Function of the Thorax

Structure and Function of the Temporomandibular Joint

Structure and Function of the Shoulder Complex

Structure and Function of the Elbow Complex

Structure and Function of the Wrist and Hand Complex

Structure and Function of the Hip Complex

Structure and Function of the Knee

Structure and Function of the Ankle and Foot Complex

The Kinesiology of Gait

Filters