Question 1

Compute the effective file entropy $$\mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { f } }$$ (xx.x bits) of the file that contains the following symbol sequence
AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF

Accepted Answer

$$\begin{array} { l } 
P _ { e } [ A ] = 15 / 20 = 0.75 , P _ { e } [ B ] = 1 / 20 = 0.05 , P _ { e } [ C ] = 0.05 , P _ { e } [ D ] = 0.05 , P _ { e } [ E ] = 0.05 , , P _ { e } [ F ] = 0.05 . \
{ } ^ { \wedge } H _ { s } = - \sum P _ { e } \left[ X _ { i } \right] \log _ { 2 } P _ { e } \left[ X _ { i } \right] = - ( 0.75 ) ( - 0.42 ) - ( 5 ) ( 0.05 ) ( - 22.02 ) = 1.39 \text { bits/symbols. } \
H _ { f } = 1.39 \text { bits/symbols } x 20 \text { symbols } = 27.8 \text { bits }
\end{array}$$

Question 2

Compute the value of the encryption key using the following values: N = 13, a = 7, x = 8, and y = 5. The value of the key equals K=______.

Accepted Answer

$$X = \left[ a ^ { \times } \right] _ { \bmod ( \mathbb { N } ) } = \left[ 7 ^ { 8 } \right] _ { \bmod ( 13 ) } = 3 . Y = \left[ a ^ { y } \right] _ { \bmod ( N ) } = \left[ 7 ^ { 5 } \right] _ { \bmod ( 13 ) } = 11 . K _ { \mathrm { T } } = \left[ Y ^ { \times } \right] _ { \bmod ( N ) } = \left[ 11 ^ { 8 } \right] _ { \bmod ( 133 } = 9$$ $$K _ { R } = \left[ X ^ { y } \right] _ { \bmod ( N ) } = \left[ 3 ^ { 5 } \right] _ { \bmod ( 13 ) } = 9$$

Question 3

Four coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $\mathrm { X } _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The number of unique symbols is
_______.

Accepted Answer

The four coins can produce sums from $0 \text { (by } 0000 = X _ { 1 } \text { ) to } 4 \left( \text { by } 1111 = X _ { 5 } \right) \text {. }$ Hence, 5 unique symbols.

Question 4

Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $X _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The source entropy equals HS=________(x.xx) bits/symbol?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail...

Question 5

The pseudo-random number generator equation given by $$X _ { i } = \bmod \left[ \left( 12345 X _ { i - 1 } + 67 \right) , 10000 \right]$$ with the seed $$X _ { 0 } = 999 \text { produced } X _ { 1 } = 2722 \text { and } X _ { 2 } = 3157 \text {. The values for } R ^ { 2 } S _ { 1 } \text { and } \mathrm { RBS } _ { 2 } \text { are }$$ _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The pseudo-random number generator equation given by...

Question 6

What are the effective probabilities of the symbols in the following 20-symbol sequence? $$\text { AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF }$$

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the effective probabilities of the...

Question 7

Consider the Huffman code tree given by   The binary sequence generated by the symbols BAEDC is ______________?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the Huffman code tree given by...

Question 8

Four coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1.The number of possible coin combinations is _______.

Accepted Answer

The coins can produc

Question 9

Consider the Huffman code tree given by   The symbols represented by the following binary sequence $$01100100000011$$ is the list _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the Huffman code tree given by...

Question 10

A source produces symbols A, B, and C having probabilities $$\mathrm { P } [ \mathrm { A } ] = 0.9 , \mathrm { P } [ \mathrm { B } ] = 0.07 , \mathrm { P } [ \mathrm { C } ] = 0.02 , \mathrm { P } [ \mathrm { D } ] =$$ 0.01. The source entropy equals _____ (x.xx) bits/symbol

Accepted Answer

The answer of A source produces symbols A, B, and...

Question 11

Using the pseudo-random number generator equation given by $$X _ { i } = \bmod \left[ \left( 12345 X _ { i - 1 } + 67 \right) , 10000 \right]$$
with the seed $X _ { 0 } = 999$, the value of $X _ { 2 } =----$

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the pseudo-random number generator equation given...

Question 12

Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $X _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The probability of the source
producing $X _ { 3 }$ equals _______.

Accepted Answer

There are 16 possible outcomes

Question 13

What is the encrypted form of the following binary data sequence using the random binary sequence shown? (D) $\quad 10101010$
(RBS) 10100101
(E) ____

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the encrypted form of the...

Question 14

Compute the effective source entropy $${ } ^ { \wedge } \mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { S } } ( \mathrm { x } . \mathrm { xx } \text { bits/symbol) }$$ of the source producing following 20-symbol sequence
AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compute the effective source entropy \[{ }...

Compute the effective file entropy $\mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { f } }$ (xx.x bits) of the file that contains the following symbol sequence AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF

Compute the value of the encryption key using the following values: N = 13, a = 7, x = 8, and y = 5. The value of the key equals K=______.

Four coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $\mathrm { X } _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The number of unique symbols is _______.

Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $X _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The source entropy equals HS=________(x.xx) bits/symbol?

What are the effective probabilities of the symbols in the following 20-symbol sequence? $\text { AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF }$

Consider the Huffman code tree given by The binary sequence generated by the symbols BAEDC is ______________?

Four coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1.The number of possible coin combinations is _______.

Consider the Huffman code tree given by The symbols represented by the following binary sequence $01100100000011$ is the list _______.

A source produces symbols A, B, and C having probabilities $\mathrm { P } [ \mathrm { A } ] = 0.9 , \mathrm { P } [ \mathrm { B } ] = 0.07 , \mathrm { P } [ \mathrm { C } ] = 0.02 , \mathrm { P } [ \mathrm { D } ] =$ 0.01. The source entropy equals _____ (x.xx) bits/symbol

Using the pseudo-random number generator equation given by $X _ { i } = \bmod \left[ \left( 12345 X _ { i - 1 } + 67 \right) , 10000 \right]$ with the seed $X _ { 0 } = 999$ , the value of $X _ { 2 } =----$

Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $X _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The probability of the source producing $X _ { 3 }$ equals _______.

What is the encrypted form of the following binary data sequence using the random binary sequence shown? (D) $\quad 10101010$ (RBS) 10100101 (E) ____

Compute the effective source entropy ${ } ^ { \wedge } \mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { S } } ( \mathrm { x } . \mathrm { xx } \text { bits/symbol) }$ of the source producing following 20-symbol sequence AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF

Introduction

Sensors and Actuators

Combinational Logic Circuits

Sequential Logic Circuits

Converting Between Analog and Digital Signals

Modeling Random Data and Noise

Detecting Data Signals in Noise

Designing Signals for Multiple-Access Systems

Channel Coding

Data Networks

Symbology

Excel Best Practices

Filters

Exam 9: Source Coding

Compute the effective file entropy Hf\mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { f } }Hf​ (xx.x bits) of the file that contains the following symbol sequence AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF

Compute the value of the encryption key using the following values: N = 13, a = 7, x = 8, and y = 5. The value of the key equals K=______.

Four coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with X1\mathrm { X } _ { 1 }X1​ corresponding to sum =0, X2X _ { 2 }X2​ to sum = 1, etc.The number of unique symbols is _______.

Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with X1X _ { 1 }X1​ corresponding to sum =0, X2X _ { 2 }X2​ to sum = 1, etc.The source entropy equals HS=________(x.xx) bits/symbol?

What are the effective probabilities of the symbols in the following 20-symbol sequence? AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF \text { AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF } AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF

Consider the Huffman code tree given by The binary sequence generated by the symbols BAEDC is ______________?

Four coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1.The number of possible coin combinations is _______.

Consider the Huffman code tree given by The symbols represented by the following binary sequence 011001000000110110010000001101100100000011 is the list _______.

Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with X1X _ { 1 }X1​ corresponding to sum =0, X2X _ { 2 }X2​ to sum = 1, etc.The probability of the source producing X3X _ { 3 }X3​ equals _______.

What is the encrypted form of the following binary data sequence using the random binary sequence shown? (D) 10101010\quad 1010101010101010 (RBS) 10100101 (E) ____

Compute the effective source entropy ∧HS(x.xx bits/symbol) { } ^ { \wedge } \mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { S } } ( \mathrm { x } . \mathrm { xx } \text { bits/symbol) }∧HS​(x.xx bits/symbol) of the source producing following 20-symbol sequence AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF

Introduction

Sensors and Actuators

Combinational Logic Circuits

Sequential Logic Circuits

Converting Between Analog and Digital Signals

Modeling Random Data and Noise

Detecting Data Signals in Noise

Designing Signals for Multiple-Access Systems

Channel Coding

Data Networks

Symbology

Excel Best Practices

Filters

Compute the effective file entropy $\mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { f } }$ (xx.x bits) of the file that contains the following symbol sequence AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF

Four coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $\mathrm { X } _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The number of unique symbols is _______.

Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $X _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The source entropy equals HS=________(x.xx) bits/symbol?

What are the effective probabilities of the symbols in the following 20-symbol sequence? $\text { AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF }$

Consider the Huffman code tree given by The symbols represented by the following binary sequence $01100100000011$ is the list _______.

Four fair coins are flipped.Each coin tail is recorded as a 0 and a head as a 1 and the source symbol is the sum, with $X _ { 1 }$ corresponding to sum =0, $X _ { 2 }$ to sum = 1, etc.The probability of the source producing $X _ { 3 }$ equals _______.

What is the encrypted form of the following binary data sequence using the random binary sequence shown? (D) $\quad 10101010$ (RBS) 10100101 (E) ____

Compute the effective source entropy ${ } ^ { \wedge } \mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { S } } ( \mathrm { x } . \mathrm { xx } \text { bits/symbol) }$ of the source producing following 20-symbol sequence AAABAAACAAADAAAEAAAF