Question 1

Which of the following compounds allows the animal that makes it to remove a toxic waste product with the least associated amount of water loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia in freshwater fish 
B)  ammonia in saltwater fish 
C)  urea in humans 
D)  uric acid in birds 
A)  ammonia in freshwater fish 
B)  ammonia in saltwater fish 
C)  urea in humans 
D)  uric acid in birds

Question 2

The iguana shown in the image below has just climbed out of the ocean and has a body temperature that is lower than the air temperature.  
What do the arrows illustrating heat transfer from the iguana indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The iguana is gaining heat as a result of evaporation of salt from its body. 
B)  The iguana is gaining heat from conduction from the sun. 
C)  The iguana is losing heat as a result of radiation of metabolic heat. 
D)  The iguana is losing heat as a result of evaporation of water off its skin. 
A)  The iguana is gaining heat as a result of evaporation of salt from its body. 
B)  The iguana is gaining heat from conduction from the sun. 
C)  The iguana is losing heat as a result of radiation of metabolic heat. 
D)  The iguana is losing heat as a result of evaporation of water off its skin.

Question 3

The process of regulating internal conditions so that they remain steady even when the physical environment does not match them is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of regulating internal conditions so...

Question 4

Capillary walls

Accepted Answer

A)  act as barriers to excessive movement of materials to and from blood plasma. 
B)  are selectively permeable, allowing only one-way movement of materials from interstitial fluid to blood plasma. 
C)  are thin walled, allowing diffusion of materials to and from blood plasma and interstitial fluid. 
D)  actively transport materials from blood plasma to interstitial fluid. 
A)  act as barriers to excessive movement of materials to and from blood plasma. 
B)  are selectively permeable, allowing only one-way movement of materials from interstitial fluid to blood plasma. 
C)  are thin walled, allowing diffusion of materials to and from blood plasma and interstitial fluid. 
D)  actively transport materials from blood plasma to interstitial fluid.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more solutes present in a cell, the better it functions. Homeostasis is used to make sure that all available solutes are pumped into cells. 
B)  The enzymes that run an organism have evolved to function best under certain conditions. Maintaining homeostasis allows enzymes to function optimally. 
C)  High temperatures can cause proteins to unfold. Maintaining a set temperature in an organism through homeostasis prevents this from happening. 
D)  Water dilutes solutes, making it difficult for reactants to get together and perform chemical reactions. Homeostasis ensures that the proper amount of water is retained within cells. 
A)  The more solutes present in a cell, the better it functions. Homeostasis is used to make sure that all available solutes are pumped into cells. 
B)  The enzymes that run an organism have evolved to function best under certain conditions. Maintaining homeostasis allows enzymes to function optimally. 
C)  High temperatures can cause proteins to unfold. Maintaining a set temperature in an organism through homeostasis prevents this from happening. 
D)  Water dilutes solutes, making it difficult for reactants to get together and perform chemical reactions. Homeostasis ensures that the proper amount of water is retained within cells.

Question 6

Shivering and goose bumps are ways of producing _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shivering and goose bumps are ways of...

Question 7

Heatstroke results primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  a loss of conductive cooling. 
B)  a loss of evaporative cooling. 
C)  a loss of radiative cooling. 
D)  a loss of convective cooling. 
A)  a loss of conductive cooling. 
B)  a loss of evaporative cooling. 
C)  a loss of radiative cooling. 
D)  a loss of convective cooling.

Question 8

Why must freshwater fish use energy to maintain a balance of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

Freshwater fish have more solutes in the

Question 9

________ feedback keeps the internal environment in a constant state within a range of external conditions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ feedback keeps the internal environment in...

Question 10

When a dog pants (breathes in and out rapidly through the mouth), evaporative cooling is enhanced by

Accepted Answer

A)  conduction. 
B)  radiation. 
C)  convection. 
D)  metabolism. 
A)  conduction. 
B)  radiation. 
C)  convection. 
D)  metabolism.

Question 11

If you have ever breathed air out of your lungs onto a cold glass surface, you have seen the glass "fog up" from water contained in your breath. Which of the descriptions below describes the journey of that water from a cell in your body to your breath?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood plasma to lungs to capillary to interstitial fluid across the plasma membrane to cell interior 
B)  cell interior across the plasma membrane to blood plasma to interstitial fluid to capillary to lungs 
C)  cell interior across the plasma membrane to capillary to interstitial fluid to blood plasma to lungs 
D)  cell interior across the plasma membrane to interstitial fluid to capillary to blood plasma to lungs 
A)  blood plasma to lungs to capillary to interstitial fluid across the plasma membrane to cell interior 
B)  cell interior across the plasma membrane to blood plasma to interstitial fluid to capillary to lungs 
C)  cell interior across the plasma membrane to capillary to interstitial fluid to blood plasma to lungs 
D)  cell interior across the plasma membrane to interstitial fluid to capillary to blood plasma to lungs

Question 12

Ectotherms depend more on heat from their environment than on _________ heat from internal chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ectotherms depend more on heat from their...

Question 13

How might air conditioning reduce the number of deaths resulting from heat waves?

Accepted Answer

A)  When a person is standing in front of the air conditioner, the air blowing out replaces the warmer air next to the person's body, allowing conduction, radiation, and evaporation to be more efficient at removing heat from the body. 
B)  In a cooler room, the temperature difference between a person's body and the air is larger than it is when a person is sitting outside on a hot day. As a result, heat is lost faster in an air-conditioned room. 
C)  As air conditioning acts to lower the body temperature, less water is lost from a person's body through evaporation, preventing dehydration. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  When a person is standing in front of the air conditioner, the air blowing out replaces the warmer air next to the person's body, allowing conduction, radiation, and evaporation to be more efficient at removing heat from the body. 
B)  In a cooler room, the temperature difference between a person's body and the air is larger than it is when a person is sitting outside on a hot day. As a result, heat is lost faster in an air-conditioned room. 
C)  As air conditioning acts to lower the body temperature, less water is lost from a person's body through evaporation, preventing dehydration. 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Marine fish must use energy to maintain their body fluid balance, because

Accepted Answer

A)  they live in a hypertonic environment and need to use energy to retain water. 
B)  they must get rid of the excess water that constantly moves into their interstitial fluid. 
C)  they must actively take up solutes from their surroundings. 
D)  their kidneys must reabsorb solutes from the external surroundings. 
A)  they live in a hypertonic environment and need to use energy to retain water. 
B)  they must get rid of the excess water that constantly moves into their interstitial fluid. 
C)  they must actively take up solutes from their surroundings. 
D)  their kidneys must reabsorb solutes from the external surroundings.

Question 15

In kidneys, the glomerulus is composed of a bed of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In kidneys, the glomerulus is composed of...

Question 16

A large glass of ice water and a small glass of ice water are sitting on a table in the same room. The small glass of water would reach room temperature before the large glass of water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The circulation of blood through the body increases the rate of heat transfers by

Accepted Answer

A)  evaporation. 
B)  conduction. 
C)  convection. 
D)  radiation. 
A)  evaporation. 
B)  conduction. 
C)  convection. 
D)  radiation.

Question 18

Why do animals that live in cold climates have thick fur coats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fur reduces convection and traps a layer of air heated by conduction close to the skin, keeping the animal's body warmer. 
B)  Thicker fur allows animals to better blend into the environment, providing protection from other animals. 
C)  Fur decreases the surface area-to-volume ratio of the animal so it does not lose as much heat. 
D)  Fur prevents the formation of ice crystals next to the skin of the animal, which prevents cells from freezing and being damaged by ice. 
A)  Fur reduces convection and traps a layer of air heated by conduction close to the skin, keeping the animal's body warmer. 
B)  Thicker fur allows animals to better blend into the environment, providing protection from other animals. 
C)  Fur decreases the surface area-to-volume ratio of the animal so it does not lose as much heat. 
D)  Fur prevents the formation of ice crystals next to the skin of the animal, which prevents cells from freezing and being damaged by ice.

Question 19

Animal A has a surface area of 6 cm² and a volume of 1 cm³. Animal B has a surface area of 24 cm² and a volume of 8 cm³. If each animal were in the same environment,

Accepted Answer

A)  animals A and B would gain and lose solutes at the same rate, but animal A would gain heat faster. 
B)  animal B would gain water faster than animal A, but animal A would lose solutes faster. 
C)  animal A would gain or lose heat, water, and solutes faster than animal B. 
D)  animal B would lose heat faster than animal A but gain water faster. 
A)  animals A and B would gain and lose solutes at the same rate, but animal A would gain heat faster. 
B)  animal B would gain water faster than animal A, but animal A would lose solutes faster. 
C)  animal A would gain or lose heat, water, and solutes faster than animal B. 
D)  animal B would lose heat faster than animal A but gain water faster.

Question 20

The physical movement of heat that results from the movement of air or water is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  convection. 
B)  conduction. 
C)  evaporation. 
D)  radiation. 
A)  convection. 
B)  conduction. 
C)  evaporation. 
D)  radiation.

Exam 20: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Which of the following compounds allows the animal that makes it to remove a toxic waste product with the least associated amount of water loss?

The iguana shown in the image below has just climbed out of the ocean and has a body temperature that is lower than the air temperature. What do the arrows illustrating heat transfer from the iguana indicate?

The process of regulating internal conditions so that they remain steady even when the physical environment does not match them is called ___________.

Capillary walls

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is false?

Shivering and goose bumps are ways of producing _____.

Heatstroke results primarily from

Why must freshwater fish use energy to maintain a balance of body fluids?

________ feedback keeps the internal environment in a constant state within a range of external conditions.

When a dog pants (breathes in and out rapidly through the mouth), evaporative cooling is enhanced by

If you have ever breathed air out of your lungs onto a cold glass surface, you have seen the glass "fog up" from water contained in your breath. Which of the descriptions below describes the journey of that water from a cell in your body to your breath?

Ectotherms depend more on heat from their environment than on _________ heat from internal chemical reactions.

How might air conditioning reduce the number of deaths resulting from heat waves?

Marine fish must use energy to maintain their body fluid balance, because

In kidneys, the glomerulus is composed of a bed of __________.

A large glass of ice water and a small glass of ice water are sitting on a table in the same room. The small glass of water would reach room temperature before the large glass of water.

The circulation of blood through the body increases the rate of heat transfers by

Why do animals that live in cold climates have thick fur coats?

Animal A has a surface area of 6 cm² and a volume of 1 cm³. Animal B has a surface area of 24 cm² and a volume of 8 cm³. If each animal were in the same environment,

The physical movement of heat that results from the movement of air or water is known as

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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