Question 1

Why is the head of a sperm covered with a sac of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzymes are used to prevent other sperm from entering the egg after the sperm and egg membranes have fused. 
B)  The enzymes are needed to digest a hole in the protective "shell" surrounding the egg. 
C)  The enzymes are released to kill other sperm so that, by the time sperm reach the egg, only a hundred or so remain to compete with. 
D)  The enzymes are gradually released into the sperm, where they break down sugars, releasing the energy needed to power sperm movement. 
A)  The enzymes are used to prevent other sperm from entering the egg after the sperm and egg membranes have fused. 
B)  The enzymes are needed to digest a hole in the protective "shell" surrounding the egg. 
C)  The enzymes are released to kill other sperm so that, by the time sperm reach the egg, only a hundred or so remain to compete with. 
D)  The enzymes are gradually released into the sperm, where they break down sugars, releasing the energy needed to power sperm movement.

Question 2

Hermaphrodites are able to fertilize their own eggs with their own sperm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Humans complete their development in a protected environment inside their mother's body, in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cervix. 
B)  oviduct. 
C)  vagina. 
D)  uterus. 
A)  cervix. 
B)  oviduct. 
C)  vagina. 
D)  uterus.

Question 4

The "quality" of human eggs and sperm declines as people age. One possible reason for this is

Accepted Answer

A)  accelerated apoptosis of sperm and egg precursor cells. 
B)  acquired harmful mutations in egg and sperm precursor cells. 
C)  declining levels of morphogens. 
D)  lower levels of oxytocin and prostaglandins. 
A)  accelerated apoptosis of sperm and egg precursor cells. 
B)  acquired harmful mutations in egg and sperm precursor cells. 
C)  declining levels of morphogens. 
D)  lower levels of oxytocin and prostaglandins.

Question 5

During apoptosis in the feet of chicken embryos, the activation of a single _________ causes the cells between the toes to die.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During apoptosis in the feet of chicken...

Question 6

This graph shows the normal concentration of morphogens A and B throughout a Drosophila embryo.  
If morphogen B is injected into the head end of an embryo, the embryo is likely to develop

Accepted Answer

A)  normally. 
B)  a second tail at the head end 
C)  a second head at the tail end. 
D)  two heads at the head end. 
A)  normally. 
B)  a second tail at the head end 
C)  a second head at the tail end. 
D)  two heads at the head end.

Question 7

When a human embryo is approximately seven days old, it imbeds in the __________ of its mother's uterus, where it is nourished by the surrounding blood supply until the placenta is functional.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a human embryo is approximately seven...

Question 8

Many animals are choosy about their mates because

Accepted Answer

A)  males put more energy into sperm production than females put into egg production. 
B)  the smaller the genetic differences between two parents, the more likely their offspring are to survive. 
C)  having a high-quality mate increases the chance of offspring survival. 
D)  species that do not have two parent families are less successful than those that do. 
A)  males put more energy into sperm production than females put into egg production. 
B)  the smaller the genetic differences between two parents, the more likely their offspring are to survive. 
C)  having a high-quality mate increases the chance of offspring survival. 
D)  species that do not have two parent families are less successful than those that do.

Question 9

During the rapid cell division that occurs after fertilization, cells increase rapidly in number, but the embryo stays the same size. The cells of this very early embryo must

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo gastrulation before rapid cell division begins. 
B)  undergo rapid meiosis. 
C)  have a very short interphase. 
D)  contain a large yolk sac. 
A)  undergo gastrulation before rapid cell division begins. 
B)  undergo rapid meiosis. 
C)  have a very short interphase. 
D)  contain a large yolk sac.

Question 10

Which of the following could have an effect on the development of a fetus or embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol 
B)  certain prescription drugs 
C)  drug use 
D)  all of the above 
A)  alcohol 
B)  certain prescription drugs 
C)  drug use 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

In the last few weeks of pregnancy, oxytocin causes the muscles of the uterus to become sensitive to estrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In humans development from zygote to completion is about __ weeks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In humans development from zygote to completion...

Question 13

Organisms that have both functional testes and functional ovaries are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms that have both functional testes and...

Question 14

Which of the following statements about animal sperm and eggs is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sperm are generally able to move. 
B)  Eggs generally do not move. 
C)  Sperm and eggs are produced through meiosis. 
D)  Sperm and eggs have the same amount of genetic material per cell as the cells in their parent organisms. 
A)  Sperm are generally able to move. 
B)  Eggs generally do not move. 
C)  Sperm and eggs are produced through meiosis. 
D)  Sperm and eggs have the same amount of genetic material per cell as the cells in their parent organisms.

Question 15

The second meiotic division in a secondary oocyte is completed

Accepted Answer

A)  just after its release into the oviduct. 
B)  only after the polar body degenerates. 
C)  only if it is fertilized. 
D)  immediately after the primary oocyte divides. 
A)  just after its release into the oviduct. 
B)  only after the polar body degenerates. 
C)  only if it is fertilized. 
D)  immediately after the primary oocyte divides.

Question 16

The human embryo develops in a fluid-filled sac, called the

Accepted Answer

A)  uterus. 
B)  endometrium. 
C)  yolk sac. 
D)  amnion. 
A)  uterus. 
B)  endometrium. 
C)  yolk sac. 
D)  amnion.

Question 17

Different versions of the protein hemoglobin are found in a baby's blood cells at different stages of development. Changes in the hemoglobin type present are most likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  what genes are transcribed. 
B)  whether or not the transcribed mRNA can leave the nucleus. 
C)  how translated RNA is cut up. 
D)  how mRNA is distributed in the red blood cells. 
A)  what genes are transcribed. 
B)  whether or not the transcribed mRNA can leave the nucleus. 
C)  how translated RNA is cut up. 
D)  how mRNA is distributed in the red blood cells.

Question 18

Spermatogenesis results in the production of _____ sperm whereas oogenesis produces just one egg.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spermatogenesis results in the production of _____...

Question 19

This graph shows the rate of cell division in a developing frog embryo.  
Why does the rate of growth decrease dramatically after the point indicated by the arrow?

Accepted Answer

A)  At this point, development switches from rapid cell growth to cell differentiation and migration. 
B)  This arrow indicates when the embryo begins to run out of its internal food source and must find another source to continue developing. 
C)  This is when fertilization occurs. Before this point, the single-celled egg was growing quickly as it stored food. After this point, growth slows for the more deliberate process of development. 
D)  At the time indicated by the arrow, the trophoblast separates from the inner cell mass and the two tissues begin to divide at different and slower rates. 
A)  At this point, development switches from rapid cell growth to cell differentiation and migration. 
B)  This arrow indicates when the embryo begins to run out of its internal food source and must find another source to continue developing. 
C)  This is when fertilization occurs. Before this point, the single-celled egg was growing quickly as it stored food. After this point, growth slows for the more deliberate process of development. 
D)  At the time indicated by the arrow, the trophoblast separates from the inner cell mass and the two tissues begin to divide at different and slower rates.

Question 20

Human females probably involved the ability to live beyond their reproductive years because

Accepted Answer

A)  women once preferred to mate with men known to come from families with long life spans. 
B)  the hormones produced by the female reproductive system slow the aging process. 
C)  the contribution of grandmothers to child-rearing increases the survival rate of children. 
D)  in early human cultures, women that produced children later in life were more likely to survive to raise their children. 
A)  women once preferred to mate with men known to come from families with long life spans. 
B)  the hormones produced by the female reproductive system slow the aging process. 
C)  the contribution of grandmothers to child-rearing increases the survival rate of children. 
D)  in early human cultures, women that produced children later in life were more likely to survive to raise their children.

Exam 29: Reproduction and Development

Why is the head of a sperm covered with a sac of enzymes?

Hermaphrodites are able to fertilize their own eggs with their own sperm.

Humans complete their development in a protected environment inside their mother's body, in the

The "quality" of human eggs and sperm declines as people age. One possible reason for this is

During apoptosis in the feet of chicken embryos, the activation of a single _________ causes the cells between the toes to die.

This graph shows the normal concentration of morphogens A and B throughout a Drosophila embryo. If morphogen B is injected into the head end of an embryo, the embryo is likely to develop

When a human embryo is approximately seven days old, it imbeds in the __________ of its mother's uterus, where it is nourished by the surrounding blood supply until the placenta is functional.

Many animals are choosy about their mates because

During the rapid cell division that occurs after fertilization, cells increase rapidly in number, but the embryo stays the same size. The cells of this very early embryo must

Which of the following could have an effect on the development of a fetus or embryo?

In the last few weeks of pregnancy, oxytocin causes the muscles of the uterus to become sensitive to estrogen.

In humans development from zygote to completion is about __ weeks.

Organisms that have both functional testes and functional ovaries are known as _______.

Which of the following statements about animal sperm and eggs is false?

The second meiotic division in a secondary oocyte is completed

The human embryo develops in a fluid-filled sac, called the

Different versions of the protein hemoglobin are found in a baby's blood cells at different stages of development. Changes in the hemoglobin type present are most likely the result of

Spermatogenesis results in the production of _____ sperm whereas oogenesis produces just one egg.

This graph shows the rate of cell division in a developing frog embryo. Why does the rate of growth decrease dramatically after the point indicated by the arrow?

Human females probably involved the ability to live beyond their reproductive years because

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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