Question 1

The activity of the ribosome in translation is like a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  assembly line. 
B)  dance. 
C)  planet racing around the sun. 
D)  foot race. 
E)  chess game. 
A)  assembly line. 
B)  dance. 
C)  planet racing around the sun. 
D)  foot race. 
E)  chess game.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is (are) INCORRECT about ricin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ricin is a naturally occurring toxic protein. 
B)  The use of ricin as a weapon is banned by the Geneva Convention. 
C)  Ricin does not have an antidote. 
D)  Ricin is obtained from the castor-oil plant. 
E)  Ricin stops protein synthesis by blocking the activity of DNA. 
A)  Ricin is a naturally occurring toxic protein. 
B)  The use of ricin as a weapon is banned by the Geneva Convention. 
C)  Ricin does not have an antidote. 
D)  Ricin is obtained from the castor-oil plant. 
E)  Ricin stops protein synthesis by blocking the activity of DNA.

Question 3

In prokaryotes, translation takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  plasma membrane. 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Golgi bodies. 
A)  cytoplasm. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  plasma membrane. 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Golgi bodies.

Question 4

A gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a protein or

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  ribosomes. 
D)  a lipid. 
E)  more than one of these. 
A)  RNA. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  ribosomes. 
D)  a lipid. 
E)  more than one of these.

Question 5

What molecule initiates translation after an egg is fertilized?

Accepted Answer

A)  maternal mRNA 
B)  paternal promoters in sperm 
C)  maternal transcription factors 
D)  transposable elements 
E)  paternal DNA 
A)  maternal mRNA 
B)  paternal promoters in sperm 
C)  maternal transcription factors 
D)  transposable elements 
E)  paternal DNA

Question 6

Deletion or insertion mutations cause

Accepted Answer

A)  base-pair substitutions. 
B)  frameshifts. 
C)  sickle cell anemia. 
D)  gene duplications. 
E)  no change in the gene affected. 
A)  base-pair substitutions. 
B)  frameshifts. 
C)  sickle cell anemia. 
D)  gene duplications. 
E)  no change in the gene affected.

Question 7

What percent of our DNA consists of transposable elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  4.5 
B)  14.5 
C)  45 
D)  65 
E)  90 
A)  4.5 
B)  14.5 
C)  45 
D)  65 
E)  90

Question 8

Ricin would affect a human cell by

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivating synthesis of carbohydrates. 
B)  inhibiting hydrolysis of carbohydrates. 
C)  preventing protein synthesis. 
D)  interfering with hydrolysis of lipids. 
E)  overactivating nucleic acid metabolism. 
A)  inactivating synthesis of carbohydrates. 
B)  inhibiting hydrolysis of carbohydrates. 
C)  preventing protein synthesis. 
D)  interfering with hydrolysis of lipids. 
E)  overactivating nucleic acid metabolism.

Question 9

What does it mean that the genetic code is "highly conserved"?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is almost universal and has not changed in millions of years 
B)  it resists modification from environmental mutagens 
C)  organisms can only use it a certain number of times 
D)  all organisms and organelles - without exception - have the exact same genetic code 
E)  the products of the genetic code - proteins - are almost the same in all organisms 
A)  it is almost universal and has not changed in millions of years 
B)  it resists modification from environmental mutagens 
C)  organisms can only use it a certain number of times 
D)  all organisms and organelles - without exception - have the exact same genetic code 
E)  the products of the genetic code - proteins - are almost the same in all organisms

Question 10

How many different amino acids make up proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  12 
D)  16 
E)  20 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  12 
D)  16 
E)  20

Question 11

How many nucleotide bases compose one "genetic word"?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 12

In eukaryotes, what modification occurs to the mRNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

A)  the non-coding segments are removed 
B)  the thymines are removed and replaced with uracils 
C)  cytosines are added to the ends of the transcripts 
D)  coding segments are methylated 
E)  more than one of these modifications occur 
A)  the non-coding segments are removed 
B)  the thymines are removed and replaced with uracils 
C)  cytosines are added to the ends of the transcripts 
D)  coding segments are methylated 
E)  more than one of these modifications occur

Question 13

Of the nucleic acids listed below, which is most like a cookbook in its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  messenger RNA 
C)  ribosomal RNA 
D)  transfer RNA 
E)  NADH 
A)  DNA 
B)  messenger RNA 
C)  ribosomal RNA 
D)  transfer RNA 
E)  NADH

Question 14

Which of the RNAs act as an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  mRNA and rRNA 
E)  none of the RNAs act as an enzyme 
A)  mRNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  mRNA and rRNA 
E)  none of the RNAs act as an enzyme

Question 15

What, specifically , determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the DNA gene 
B)  the introns 
C)  the exons 
D)  the initial mRNA transcript 
E)  the tRNA anticodons 
A)  the DNA gene 
B)  the introns 
C)  the exons 
D)  the initial mRNA transcript 
E)  the tRNA anticodons

Question 16

What is the advantage of having introns in our genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple proteins can be formed in protein synthesis 
B)  protection from viruses 
C)  they can be modified into new proteins 
D)  protection from thymine dimer formation 
E)  there is no known advantage to having introns in our genes 
A)  multiple proteins can be formed in protein synthesis 
B)  protection from viruses 
C)  they can be modified into new proteins 
D)  protection from thymine dimer formation 
E)  there is no known advantage to having introns in our genes

Question 17

To what do transcription factors attach?

Accepted Answer

A)  promoters 
B)  stop codons 
C)  start codons 
D)  polyA tails 
E)  introns 
A)  promoters 
B)  stop codons 
C)  start codons 
D)  polyA tails 
E)  introns

Question 18

What type of mutation results in sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  base- pair substitution 
B)  insertion 
C)  deletion 
D)  frame-shift 
E)  gene duplication 
A)  base- pair substitution 
B)  insertion 
C)  deletion 
D)  frame-shift 
E)  gene duplication

Question 19

A person with a mutated SRY gene will

Accepted Answer

A)  be an XX female. 
B)  have normal male genitalia. 
C)  be sterile. 
D)  have both male and female genitalia. 
E)  have no genitalia. 
A)  be an XX female. 
B)  have normal male genitalia. 
C)  be sterile. 
D)  have both male and female genitalia. 
E)  have no genitalia.

Question 20

Translation stops when

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes attach to the mRNA at the end of the mRNA transcript. 
B)  a certain number of codons have been read specified by the DNA gene. 
C)  one of the three stop codons is encountered. 
D)  the cell runs out of tRNA. 
E)  more than one of these things happens. 
A)  enzymes attach to the mRNA at the end of the mRNA transcript. 
B)  a certain number of codons have been read specified by the DNA gene. 
C)  one of the three stop codons is encountered. 
D)  the cell runs out of tRNA. 
E)  more than one of these things happens.

Exam 7: Gene Expression and Control

The activity of the ribosome in translation is like a(n)

Which of the following statements is (are) INCORRECT about ricin?

In prokaryotes, translation takes place in the

A gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a protein or

What molecule initiates translation after an egg is fertilized?

Deletion or insertion mutations cause

What percent of our DNA consists of transposable elements?

Ricin would affect a human cell by

What does it mean that the genetic code is "highly conserved"?

How many different amino acids make up proteins?

How many nucleotide bases compose one "genetic word"?

In eukaryotes, what modification occurs to the mRNA transcript?

Of the nucleic acids listed below, which is most like a cookbook in its function?

Which of the RNAs act as an enzyme?

What, specifically , determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide of eukaryotes?

What is the advantage of having introns in our genes?

To what do transcription factors attach?

What type of mutation results in sickle cell anemia?

A person with a mutated SRY gene will

Translation stops when

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Capturing and Releasing Energy

Dna Structure and Function

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Early Life Forms and the Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Plant Reproduction and Development

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