Exam 3: Individual Views of Delinquency

Itsey went to the ATM to withdraw cash for girls' night out; a man came out of the shadows and threatened her with bodily harm if she did not hand the cash over to him.  Itsey was the victim of what type of crime?

After reading about the crackdown on shoplifting at the local discount store by enforcing full criminal penalties allowed by law, Drew and Cole decided they would abandon their plan to steal CDs.  What crime control policy influenced their decision?

The first attempts to discover why criminal tendencies developed focused upon what characteristic(s)?

If you wanted to study forms of retaliation in the drug trade, which form would you investigate to understand nonviolent revenge gained through resource confiscation without interaction between the retaliator and wrongdoer during the transfer?

Experts argue that the key linkage between IQ and delinquency is the ability to manipulate what type of concepts?

According to the text, regarding effective strategies for deterring delinquency, which strategy is described as seemingly working the best?

After-school programs are designed to reduce criminal activity; research has found that these programs do in fact reduce crime rates.

While there is evidence suggesting an association between mental disturbance and delinquency, there are intervening variables that may account for the association.  List and describe these factors.  Do you think these factors are enough to question the validity of the psychodynamic theory?  Support your position.

In August, Jack and Jill went on vacation.  They asked their neighbor, Cole, to keep an eye on their home and Sasha, their dog, while they were away.  Cole agreed but forgot to tell them that he would be out of town one of the days to attend a conference.  To relieve their boredom and as an end-of-summer back-to-school last hurrah, King, Itsey, and Drew, teenagers who live in the neighborhood, decided they would break into Jack and Jill's house to steal their sizeable collection of portable electronics.  In this scenario, who is/are the capable guardian(s)?

What theory explains the existence of aggression and violent behavior as positive adaptive behaviors in humans?

An adolescent's work experience may actually increase delinquency.

Identify and describe the delinquency control strategies based on rational choice; be sure to include applications and problems associated with prevention.  Of these strategies, which one would you identify as producing the best outcomes for decreasing delinquency?  Would you use the prevention as described or would you modify it in some manner?  If so, how would you modify the strategy?  If not, why not?  Provide a rationale for your view.

Today, theorists focus attention on what two conditions that promote antisocial behavior?

What crime prevention practice makes it more difficult for a would-be delinquent to carry out the illegal act; for example, installing a security device in a home?

Identify and define the two branches of individual-level theories of delinquency.  It is said these two theories, while independent of each other, do share some common ground. What are these commonalities?  It is reported that people must change as opposed to society changing.  Do you agree with this pronouncement?  Provide a rationale for your answer.

According to Freud, the superego is the unrestrained, primitive, pleasure-seeking component of the human personality with which each child is born.

Evidence linking food allergies to antisocial behaviors are inconclusive.

Siblings living in a similar environment may develop similar types of friends; consequently, the critical influence toward delinquent behavior is that of peers rather than siblings.

It has been argued that low IQ increases the likelihood of delinquent behavior through its effect on school performance.