Exam 20: Light, Color and Atmospheric Optics

An atmospheric phenomenon that causes objects to appear inverted is called ____.

Which statement is true about rainbows?

If the setting Sun appears red, you may conclude that ____.

As sunlight enters the atmosphere, the shorter visible wavelengths of violet, blue, and green are scattered more by atmospheric gases than are the longer wavelengths of yellow, orange, and especially red, which is why the sky appears blue.

Seeing colors requires more than just light reaching our eyes.

A wet-looking road surface on a clear, hot, dry day is an example of ____.

____ lasts from sunset until the Sun is 6 degrees below the horizon.

Another name for diffuse light is ____.

When might you be able to see a halo around your head, and what would cause this?

The presence of a halo indicates that cirriform clouds are present.

The duration of twilight decreases with increasing latitude, especially in summer.

When the Sun is 4 degrees above the horizon, sunlight must pass through an atmosphere more than ____ times thicker than when the Sun is directly overhead.

A star much hotter than our Sun radiates more energy at ____.

Sun pillars are caused by refraction of sunlight off ice crystals.

Describe the double meaning of the expression "once in a blue moon."

Look for sun pillars when the Sun is ____ on the horizon and ____ clouds are present.

Volcanic eruptions rich in ____ can produce red sunsets.

The breaking up of white light by "selective" refraction is called dispersion of light.

A star that is cooler than our Sun radiates most of its energy at slightly longer wavelengths; therefore, it appears ____________________.

When the atmosphere becomes loaded with particles, only the ____ red wavelengths are able to penetrate the atmosphere, and we see a ____ Sun.