Question 1

Negative information about a target

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot be primed. 
B)  weighs less heavily on the brain than positive information. 
C)  is typically ignored by perceivers younger than 10 years old. 
D)  causes electrical activity in different areas of the brain than positive or neutral information. 
A)  cannot be primed. 
B)  weighs less heavily on the brain than positive information. 
C)  is typically ignored by perceivers younger than 10 years old. 
D)  causes electrical activity in different areas of the brain than positive or neutral information.

Question 2

In the Jones and Harris (1967) study, participants read essays presumably written by another student that had either been assigned or chose to write in support of a particular position. Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was written under conditions of free choice and not assigned by the instructor. 
B)  Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was an assigned topic rather than chosen. 
C)  Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if it agreed with their own. 
D)  Participants did not infer the student's attitude from the essay at all if it was an assigned topic. 
A)  Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was written under conditions of free choice and not assigned by the instructor. 
B)  Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was an assigned topic rather than chosen. 
C)  Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if it agreed with their own. 
D)  Participants did not infer the student's attitude from the essay at all if it was an assigned topic.

Question 3

According to cross-cultural research on perception of emotion conducted by Elfenbein and Ambady (2002),

Accepted Answer

A)  people are uniformly good at perceiving the emotional states of others based on nonverbal cues, regardless of whether perceivers and targets are from the same culture. 
B)  people are fairly successful at perceiving the emotional states of individuals from other cultures, but we are better at judging emotions of individuals from our own culture. 
C)  people are actually better at perceiving the emotional states of individuals from other cultures because they are not distracted by language use and other verbal cues. 
D)  language comprehension plays a central role in the evaluation of emotion. 
A)  people are uniformly good at perceiving the emotional states of others based on nonverbal cues, regardless of whether perceivers and targets are from the same culture. 
B)  people are fairly successful at perceiving the emotional states of individuals from other cultures, but we are better at judging emotions of individuals from our own culture. 
C)  people are actually better at perceiving the emotional states of individuals from other cultures because they are not distracted by language use and other verbal cues. 
D)  language comprehension plays a central role in the evaluation of emotion.

Question 4

Which of the following reflects the primary question underlying the correspondent inference theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do attributions correspond with preexisting beliefs? 
B)  Does an individual's belief correspond with that individual's behavior? 
C)  Does the actor's behavior correspond to the actor's stable personality? 
D)  Does an observer infer that an actor's behavior is consistent with that of the observer? 
A)  Do attributions correspond with preexisting beliefs? 
B)  Does an individual's belief correspond with that individual's behavior? 
C)  Does the actor's behavior correspond to the actor's stable personality? 
D)  Does an observer infer that an actor's behavior is consistent with that of the observer?

Question 5

Reena meets Rachael for the first time. Rachael is perceived as smart, funny, sociable, but rude. Although Reena perceived Rachael to have many positive qualities, her rudeness outweighed them, thus Reena forms a negative impression of Rachael. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  an implicit personality theory. 
B)  negativity effect. 
C)  the summation model of impression formation. 
D)  the primacy effect. 
A)  an implicit personality theory. 
B)  negativity effect. 
C)  the summation model of impression formation. 
D)  the primacy effect.

Question 6

Explain self-fulfilling prophecy. What are the ways to break the cycle of negative self-fulfilling prophecies?

Accepted Answer

The self-fulfilling prophecy is when a p

Question 7

Deception is most likely to be detected by attending to which channel of communication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spoken words 
B)  Body posture 
C)  Voice pitch 
D)  Facial expression 
A)  Spoken words 
B)  Body posture 
C)  Voice pitch 
D)  Facial expression

Question 8

The "anger superiority effect" states that angry faces are detected more efficiently than friendly faces by people who

Accepted Answer

A)  look away from an angry face in a crowd than a neutral face. 
B)  look away from an angry face in a crowd than a happy face. 
C)  spot an angry face in a crowd than a neutral or happy face. 
D)  identify anger in the faces of people from other cultures. 
A)  look away from an angry face in a crowd than a neutral face. 
B)  look away from an angry face in a crowd than a happy face. 
C)  spot an angry face in a crowd than a neutral or happy face. 
D)  identify anger in the faces of people from other cultures.

Question 9

Why are we not very successful at detecting deception?

Accepted Answer

A)  We pay too much attention on nonverbal cues and not enough on verbal cues. 
B)  We fail to attend to the nonverbal cues that actually signal deception. 
C)  We are motivated to believe that others are telling the truth. 
D)  We need to be able to detect deception in order to gain evolutionary advantage. 
A)  We pay too much attention on nonverbal cues and not enough on verbal cues. 
B)  We fail to attend to the nonverbal cues that actually signal deception. 
C)  We are motivated to believe that others are telling the truth. 
D)  We need to be able to detect deception in order to gain evolutionary advantage.

Question 10

Imagine that you are grading the exams of two students, Michael and Fredo. They both get only half the questions correct. Michael gets the first half of the questions right, whereas Fredo gets the last half of the questions right. According to Asch's work on primacy effects in impression formation, you would be likely to conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  Michael is smarter than Fredo. 
B)  Fredo is smarter than Michael. 
C)  Michael and Fredo are equally unintelligent. 
D)  Michael became overconfident while taking the exam. 
A)  Michael is smarter than Fredo. 
B)  Fredo is smarter than Michael. 
C)  Michael and Fredo are equally unintelligent. 
D)  Michael became overconfident while taking the exam.

Question 11

The term "gaze disengagement" tends to lead perceivers to

Accepted Answer

A)  believe that a target is overly confident. 
B)  rate a target as more physically attractive. 
C)  have difficulty forming an accurate impression of a target. 
D)  form a social cue to signal exclusion or affiliation. 
A)  believe that a target is overly confident. 
B)  rate a target as more physically attractive. 
C)  have difficulty forming an accurate impression of a target. 
D)  form a social cue to signal exclusion or affiliation.

Question 12

Willis and Todorov (2006) showed college students photos of strangers' faces and found that

Accepted Answer

A)  participants were unable to rate the personality in the photos when they only saw the faces for less than one second. 
B)  even when they saw the photos for less than one second, participants' ratings of the faces were highly correlated with the ratings of others who looked at the faces without time limits. 
C)  participants who only saw the faces for less than one second rated the faces as possessing more negative traits than others who were allowed to look at the faces for as long as they wanted to. 
D)  the longer it took participants to rate each face, the more accurate their ratings were. 
A)  participants were unable to rate the personality in the photos when they only saw the faces for less than one second. 
B)  even when they saw the photos for less than one second, participants' ratings of the faces were highly correlated with the ratings of others who looked at the faces without time limits. 
C)  participants who only saw the faces for less than one second rated the faces as possessing more negative traits than others who were allowed to look at the faces for as long as they wanted to. 
D)  the longer it took participants to rate each face, the more accurate their ratings were.

Question 13

Research using bicultural participants, such as China-born students attending college in the United States, indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  attributional style is dictated by the native culture and does not vary much with cultural influences later in life. 
B)  at some point such individuals completely abandon the attributional tendencies of their nation of origin and replace them with the tendencies of their new country of residence. 
C)  people can simultaneously hold differing cultural worldviews, either of which can influence attributional tendencies depending on the situation. 
D)  attributional style is dictated by the culture in which one lives, unless that person is spending time with family members from their culture of origin. 
A)  attributional style is dictated by the native culture and does not vary much with cultural influences later in life. 
B)  at some point such individuals completely abandon the attributional tendencies of their nation of origin and replace them with the tendencies of their new country of residence. 
C)  people can simultaneously hold differing cultural worldviews, either of which can influence attributional tendencies depending on the situation. 
D)  attributional style is dictated by the culture in which one lives, unless that person is spending time with family members from their culture of origin.

Question 14

Ellen is at the mall when she runs into one of her closest friends, Vicki. Vicki is with a friend and introduces that friend to Ellen. Research on impression formation suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  Ellen will feel jealous and immediately dislike Vicki's friend. 
B)  Ellen's affection for Vicki will make her tend to like Vicki's friend. 
C)  Ellen will be focused on shopping and not form an impression of Vicki's friend. 
D)  Ellen will like Vicki's friend because she is from out of town. 
A)  Ellen will feel jealous and immediately dislike Vicki's friend. 
B)  Ellen's affection for Vicki will make her tend to like Vicki's friend. 
C)  Ellen will be focused on shopping and not form an impression of Vicki's friend. 
D)  Ellen will like Vicki's friend because she is from out of town.

Question 15

Bella is a teacher who suspects that a student is trying to deceive her. Under which of the following conditions does Bella have the best chance of being accurate in her attempts to detect whether or not the student is lying?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bella reads a written transcript of the student's story. 
B)  Bella sees a silent video of the student's face as the student tells the story. 
C)  Bella reads a written transcript of the student's story and sees a silent video of the student's face as the student tells the story. 
D)  Bella asks the student to recount her story in reverse chronological order. 
A)  Bella reads a written transcript of the student's story. 
B)  Bella sees a silent video of the student's face as the student tells the story. 
C)  Bella reads a written transcript of the student's story and sees a silent video of the student's face as the student tells the story. 
D)  Bella asks the student to recount her story in reverse chronological order.

Question 16

What is the adaptive significance of being able to identify the emotion of disgust in others' faces?

Accepted Answer

A)  It motivates us to draw near to the target and promotes affiliation. 
B)  It helps us to avoid food poisoning. 
C)  It keeps us from experiencing rejection, which is damaging to the immune system. 
D)  It helps us to locate food sources. 
A)  It motivates us to draw near to the target and promotes affiliation. 
B)  It helps us to avoid food poisoning. 
C)  It keeps us from experiencing rejection, which is damaging to the immune system. 
D)  It helps us to locate food sources.

Question 17

All of the following have been shown in research on priming except that priming

Accepted Answer

A)  is more likely when people are aware of the exposure. 
B)  may have effects on our social perceptions of others. 
C)  may affect our social behavior. 
D)  demonstrates the effects of recent events on our perceptions. 
A)  is more likely when people are aware of the exposure. 
B)  may have effects on our social perceptions of others. 
C)  may affect our social behavior. 
D)  demonstrates the effects of recent events on our perceptions.

Question 18

As social perceivers, people's impressions of others are

Accepted Answer

A)  formed only after knowing the person for a considerable period of time. 
B)  uninfluenced by superficial attributes of a person. 
C)  formed at first encounter and completely unchangeable. 
D)  influenced by the physical appearance of a person. 
A)  formed only after knowing the person for a considerable period of time. 
B)  uninfluenced by superficial attributes of a person. 
C)  formed at first encounter and completely unchangeable. 
D)  influenced by the physical appearance of a person.

Question 19

According to Samuel Sommers (2011) people seem to commit the fundamental attribution error

Accepted Answer

A)  only if they use the availability heuristic to make attributions. 
B)  only if they are unaware of the actor's feelings about the particular behavior. 
C)  even when they attempt to explain their own behavior. 
D)  even when they are aware of the situational constraints of the behavior. 
A)  only if they use the availability heuristic to make attributions. 
B)  only if they are unaware of the actor's feelings about the particular behavior. 
C)  even when they attempt to explain their own behavior. 
D)  even when they are aware of the situational constraints of the behavior.

Question 20

Explain Gilbert and Malone's two-step process of making attributions, and identify when in this process the fundamental attribution error occurs.

Accepted Answer

According to Gilbert and Malone, we firs

Negative information about a target

In the Jones and Harris (1967) study, participants read essays presumably written by another student that had either been assigned or chose to write in support of a particular position. Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of this study?

According to cross-cultural research on perception of emotion conducted by Elfenbein and Ambady (2002),

Which of the following reflects the primary question underlying the correspondent inference theory?

Reena meets Rachael for the first time. Rachael is perceived as smart, funny, sociable, but rude. Although Reena perceived Rachael to have many positive qualities, her rudeness outweighed them, thus Reena forms a negative impression of Rachael. This illustrates

Explain self-fulfilling prophecy. What are the ways to break the cycle of negative self-fulfilling prophecies?

Deception is most likely to be detected by attending to which channel of communication?

The "anger superiority effect" states that angry faces are detected more efficiently than friendly faces by people who

Why are we not very successful at detecting deception?

The term "gaze disengagement" tends to lead perceivers to

Willis and Todorov (2006) showed college students photos of strangers' faces and found that

Research using bicultural participants, such as China-born students attending college in the United States, indicates that

Ellen is at the mall when she runs into one of her closest friends, Vicki. Vicki is with a friend and introduces that friend to Ellen. Research on impression formation suggests that

Bella is a teacher who suspects that a student is trying to deceive her. Under which of the following conditions does Bella have the best chance of being accurate in her attempts to detect whether or not the student is lying?

What is the adaptive significance of being able to identify the emotion of disgust in others' faces?

All of the following have been shown in research on priming except that priming

As social perceivers, people's impressions of others are

According to Samuel Sommers (2011) people seem to commit the fundamental attribution error

Explain Gilbert and Malone's two-step process of making attributions, and identify when in this process the fundamental attribution error occurs.

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

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Exam 4: Perceiving Persons

Negative information about a target

In the Jones and Harris (1967) study, participants read essays presumably written by another student that had either been assigned or chose to write in support of a particular position. Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of this study?

According to cross-cultural research on perception of emotion conducted by Elfenbein and Ambady (2002),

Which of the following reflects the primary question underlying the correspondent inference theory?

Reena meets Rachael for the first time. Rachael is perceived as smart, funny, sociable, but rude. Although Reena perceived Rachael to have many positive qualities, her rudeness outweighed them, thus Reena forms a negative impression of Rachael. This illustrates

Explain self-fulfilling prophecy. What are the ways to break the cycle of negative self-fulfilling prophecies?

Deception is most likely to be detected by attending to which channel of communication?

The "anger superiority effect" states that angry faces are detected more efficiently than friendly faces by people who

Why are we not very successful at detecting deception?

The term "gaze disengagement" tends to lead perceivers to

Willis and Todorov (2006) showed college students photos of strangers' faces and found that

Research using bicultural participants, such as China-born students attending college in the United States, indicates that

Ellen is at the mall when she runs into one of her closest friends, Vicki. Vicki is with a friend and introduces that friend to Ellen. Research on impression formation suggests that

Bella is a teacher who suspects that a student is trying to deceive her. Under which of the following conditions does Bella have the best chance of being accurate in her attempts to detect whether or not the student is lying?

What is the adaptive significance of being able to identify the emotion of disgust in others' faces?

All of the following have been shown in research on priming except that priming

As social perceivers, people's impressions of others are

According to Samuel Sommers (2011) people seem to commit the fundamental attribution error

Explain Gilbert and Malone's two-step process of making attributions, and identify when in this process the fundamental attribution error occurs.

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters