Exam 1: Crime and Criminology

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___________ involve crimes in which the accused is guilty simply by doing what a statute prohibits and intent does not enter the picture nor is it required.

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A

Explain the relationship between criminal law and the United States Constitution.

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​ All criminal law in the United States must conform to the rules and dictates of the U.S. Constitution. Criminal laws have been interpreted as violations of constitutional principles if they are too vague or too broad to give clear meaning of their intent. The Constitution also prohibits laws that make a person's status a crime. Instead, only acts can be crimes. The Constitution also limits laws that are overly cruel or unusual.

A modification to Virginia's Computer Crimes Act in 2005 made the action of sending out bulk email messages designed to trick consumers into revealing personal information and accounts illegal. What is this act called?

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Jack Kevorkian began practicing what he called ____________, or helping people take their own lives.

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Deviant behavior:

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According to the conflict view, ______________________ is a political concept designed to protect the power and positions of the upper class at the expense of the poor.

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Criminologists use ________ methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.

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Deviant behaviors are those actions that depart from social norms, values, and beliefs.

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All crimes are deviant behaviors.

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The subarea of criminal statistics and crime measurement involves devising valid and reliable measures designed to calculate the amount and trends of criminal activity. What must criminologists do to understand how much crime occurs? Who commits in? When and where does it occur?

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A revision of this 1994 act, which required states to register individuals convicted of sex crimes against children, also established a community notification system.

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According to Hans von Hentig and _________, victim behavior is often a key determinant of crime, and a victim's actions may precipitate crime.

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The consensus view of crime is the belief that the majority of citizens in a society share common ideas and work toward a common good.

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A major difference between criminology and criminal justice is that criminal justice refers to the study of agencies, while criminology refers to the ______________ of crime.

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Behaviors such as drug use and prostitution are problematic because the harm they inflict is only on those who are willing participants, but punishment is justified because these acts undermine the ________________ and threaten the general well-being of society.

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Criminologists have been trained in diverse fields-sociology, criminal justice, political science, psychology, public policy, economics and even the natural sciences because criminology is a __________________ science.

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A serious offense, such as rape, murder, or robbery, that is punishable by a prison sentence-or in the case of first-degree murder, death by capital punishment-is known as a __________________.

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________ are tested using scientific methods to validate criminological theories.

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For those studying the role of the victim in crime, to which areas should one pay particular attention?

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The study of agencies of social control such as the police, courts, and corrections is:

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