Chat with AIExam 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines
After all the fields of an assembly language instruction have been translated into binary, the newly built machine language instruction and the address of where it is to be loaded are written out to a file called the ____ file.
(41) 
VerifiedD
What is the single most important piece of system software on the computer? Discuss its function, and discuss at length its software packages that handle the requests of other programs.
(34) VerifiedThe program that controls the overall operation of the computer is the operating system, and it is the single most important piece of system software on a computer. It is the operating system that communicates with users, determines what they want, and activates other system programs, applications packages, or user programs to carry out their requests. The software packages that handle these requests include the following:
• User interface-All modern operating systems provide a powerful graphical user interface (GUI)that gives the user an intuitive visual overview as well as graphical control of the capabilities and services of the computer.
• Language services-These programs, called assemblers, compilers, and interpreters, allow you to write programs in a high-level, user-oriented language rather than machine language and to execute these programs easily and efficiently. They often include components such as text editors and debuggers.
• Memory managers-These programs allocate memory space for programs and data and retrieve this memory space when it is no longer needed.
• Information managers-These programs handle the organization, storage, and retrieval of information on mass storage devices such as hard drives, CDs, DVDs, flash drives, and tapes. They allow you to organize your information in an efficient hierarchical manner, using directories, folders, and files.
• I/O systems-These software packages allow you to easily and efficiently use the many different types of input and output devices that exist on a modern computer system.
• Scheduler-This system program keeps a list of programs ready to run on the processor, and it selects the one that will execute next. The scheduler allows you to have a number of different programs active at a single time, for instance, surfing the web while you are waiting for a file to finish printing.
• Utilities-These collections of library routines provide a wide range of useful services either to a user or to other system routines. Text editors, online help routines, image and sound applications, and control panels are examples of utility routines. Sometimes these utilities are organized into collections called program libraries.
A naked machine is a computer that requires direct input of binary commands to the hardware to run.
(45) VerifiedTrue
The set of services and resources created by the system software and seen by the user is called a(n)____ machine.
(40) Explain what a real-time operating system does. Then give a detailed example.
(29) One of the benefits of machine language is that it uses natural language and mathematical notations.
(45) For a program to run on a naked machine, it must be represented in binary . _________________________
(34) Clients cannot perform local computations without access to the network.
(39) Assembly language does not allow the use of symbolic operation codes.
(43) To make a Von Neumann computer usable, what must you create between the user and the hardware? What must this created item do?
(36) The user interfaces on the operating systems of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s were command languages, requiring text entry . _________________________
(38) It is the responsibility of the ____________________ to safeguard the password file that stores all valid user name/password combinations.
(31) One of the services provided by pseudo-ops is program construction.
(38) Typically, all requests to a(n)____________________ operating system are prioritized.
(32) Briefly explain the function of the operating system as a security guard.
(29) Icons displayed on the screen are selected with a mouse and a button using a technique called ____.
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