Question 1

After the rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in the mid-eighth century, it was overthrown in all areas except

Accepted Answer

A)  Spain. 
B)  Baghdad. 
C)  Khurasan. 
D)  Turkmenistan. 
E)  Yemen. 
A)  Spain. 
B)  Baghdad. 
C)  Khurasan. 
D)  Turkmenistan. 
E)  Yemen. A

Question 2

Explain the way Islam began to fragment along three separate paths. What were these paths, and how were their beliefs different?

Accepted Answer

Student answers should include the ideological and hereditary origins of the three sects -- Sunni, Shi'ite, and Kharijite -- their basic beliefs, and how they shaped the Islamic community historically. Students should discuss Muhammad's relationship to Ali, the dispute that resulted after his death,and the way in which the martyrdom of Husayn transformed the "Party of Ali" from a political faction into a religious sect. As the specific political dispute receded further into the past, the issue at stake became broader: each sect supported a different conception of what makes spiritual and political authority legitimate, with Shi'ites and Karijites advocating the principle of hereditary succession, and Sunnis taking the view that ancestry is less important in a leader than a demonstrated capacity to seize and hold power effectively. As the caliphate expanded, however, tensions between Shi'ites and Sunnis remained an important political factor, playing a key role for instance in the fall of the Umayyad dynasty and the rise of the Abbasids.

Question 3

The Arab community prior to the seventh century C.E.

Accepted Answer

A)  was polytheistic. 
B)  was devoted to Zoroastrianism. 
C)  practiced Christianity but split between monophysitism and Nestorianism. 
D)  was persecuted by Jews and Christians. 
E)  was devoted to fire-worshiping rituals. 
A)  was polytheistic. 
B)  was devoted to Zoroastrianism. 
C)  practiced Christianity but split between monophysitism and Nestorianism. 
D)  was persecuted by Jews and Christians. 
E)  was devoted to fire-worshiping rituals. A

Question 4

A significant factor in creating a powerful Abbasid culture was the

Accepted Answer

A)  introduction of paper from China. 
B)  uniform adoption of the Arabic language throughout the region, as Latin had been in the Roman Empire. 
C)  introduction of new dyes from the East for making ink. 
D)  the creation of a formal alphabet in the vernacular Arabic language. 
E)  use of organized crews of scribes called mamluks. 
A)  introduction of paper from China. 
B)  uniform adoption of the Arabic language throughout the region, as Latin had been in the Roman Empire. 
C)  introduction of new dyes from the East for making ink. 
D)  the creation of a formal alphabet in the vernacular Arabic language. 
E)  use of organized crews of scribes called mamluks.

Question 5

The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate was

Accepted Answer

A)  Yazid, son of Mu'awiya. 
B)  Hasan, son of Ali. 
C)  Husayn, brother of Hasan. 
D)  Ali, cousin to Muhammad. 
E)  Uthman, brother-in-law to Muhammad. 
A)  Yazid, son of Mu'awiya. 
B)  Hasan, son of Ali. 
C)  Husayn, brother of Hasan. 
D)  Ali, cousin to Muhammad. 
E)  Uthman, brother-in-law to Muhammad.

Question 6

According to Islam, slavery was

Accepted Answer

A)  forbidden. 
B)  only permitted if the slave was not a Muslim or a "person of the book." 
C)  permitted only if the enslaved was a prisoner of war. 
D)  a hereditary status passed from parents to children. 
E)  only permitted if the slave was a "person of the book." 
A)  forbidden. 
B)  only permitted if the slave was not a Muslim or a "person of the book." 
C)  permitted only if the enslaved was a prisoner of war. 
D)  a hereditary status passed from parents to children. 
E)  only permitted if the slave was a "person of the book."

Question 7

Muhammad conceived Islam after

Accepted Answer

A)  experiencing revelations. 
B)  dreaming about Ishmael from the Old Testament. 
C)  many years of religious study in a mosque. 
D)  being possessed by a shaitan. 
E)  reading the Bible. 
A)  experiencing revelations. 
B)  dreaming about Ishmael from the Old Testament. 
C)  many years of religious study in a mosque. 
D)  being possessed by a shaitan. 
E)  reading the Bible.

Question 8

The Muslim leader who re-took Jerusalem from the European Crusaders was

Accepted Answer

A)  Nur al-Din. 
B)  Tughril Beg. 
C)  Abd al-Rahman. 
D)  Salah al-Din. 
E)  Ibn Rushd. 
A)  Nur al-Din. 
B)  Tughril Beg. 
C)  Abd al-Rahman. 
D)  Salah al-Din. 
E)  Ibn Rushd.

Question 9

The Sasanid Empire benefited from its location along the Silk Road.  The exotic crops its farmers adopted after obtaining seeds through trade included

Accepted Answer

A)  cocoa, jute, and coffee beans. 
B)  mangoes, bananas, and spelt. 
C)  corn, quinoa, and manioc. 
D)  maize, honey, and blueberries. 
E)  cotton, sugar, and rice. 
A)  cocoa, jute, and coffee beans. 
B)  mangoes, bananas, and spelt. 
C)  corn, quinoa, and manioc. 
D)  maize, honey, and blueberries. 
E)  cotton, sugar, and rice.

Question 10

The subsequent split of supporters to different caliphs, or successors, divided the umma into

Accepted Answer

A)  Shi'ites and Sunnis. 
B)  Sunnis and Sufis. 
C)  Mobad and Quran. 
D)  Shi'a and Mobad. 
E)  Hadj and Sunni. 
A)  Shi'ites and Sunnis. 
B)  Sunnis and Sufis. 
C)  Mobad and Quran. 
D)  Shi'a and Mobad. 
E)  Hadj and Sunni.

Question 11

Sufism was significant in being a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training. 
B)  blending of Christian and Buddhist ideas into Islam. 
C)  rejection of religious formalism. 
D)  new doctrine that excluded the lower classes. 
E)  attempt to convert more women to Islam. 
A)  quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training. 
B)  blending of Christian and Buddhist ideas into Islam. 
C)  rejection of religious formalism. 
D)  new doctrine that excluded the lower classes. 
E)  attempt to convert more women to Islam.

Question 12

Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history?

Accepted Answer

A)  It marks the beginning of the Umayyad caliphate. 
B)  It marks the beginning of Muslim expansion. 
C)  It marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. 
D)  It marks the end of the Muslim expansion. 
E)  It marks the beginning of the sect of Shi'ism. 
A)  It marks the beginning of the Umayyad caliphate. 
B)  It marks the beginning of Muslim expansion. 
C)  It marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. 
D)  It marks the end of the Muslim expansion. 
E)  It marks the beginning of the sect of Shi'ism.

Question 13

Describe the evolution of Islamic culture beyond religious beliefs. What was its lasting effect on Europe?

Accepted Answer

The foundation of Islamic civilization i

Question 14

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
Abbasid Caliphate

Accepted Answer

The Abbasid Caliphate was a dynasty of c

Question 15

Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the

Accepted Answer

A)  growing influence of Russian and Frankish traditions in Spain. 
B)  decrease in Arab power combined with a growing Christian influence. 
C)  Viking invasions of the ninth century. 
D)  blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions. 
E)  blending of Islam with Roman traditions and Visigoth culture. 
A)  growing influence of Russian and Frankish traditions in Spain. 
B)  decrease in Arab power combined with a growing Christian influence. 
C)  Viking invasions of the ninth century. 
D)  blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions. 
E)  blending of Islam with Roman traditions and Visigoth culture.

Question 16

Muslim means

Accepted Answer

A)  "first followers." 
B)  "the one true religion." 
C)  "holy people." 
D)  "one who makes submission." 
E)  "chosen for purity." 
A)  "first followers." 
B)  "the one true religion." 
C)  "holy people." 
D)  "one who makes submission." 
E)  "chosen for purity."

Question 17

The Sub-Saharan kingdom of Ghana became important to Muslim trade by providing which resource?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rubber 
B)  Gold 
C)  Silk 
D)  Ivory 
E)  Slaves 
A)  Rubber 
B)  Gold 
C)  Silk 
D)  Ivory 
E)  Slaves

Question 18

After failing to reform the government and military, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of the

Accepted Answer

A)  Ali family of Cairo. 
B)  Umayyad family of Damascus. 
C)  Buyid family of northern Iran. 
D)  Husan family of Medina. 
E)  Suarez family of Spain. 
A)  Ali family of Cairo. 
B)  Umayyad family of Damascus. 
C)  Buyid family of northern Iran. 
D)  Husan family of Medina. 
E)  Suarez family of Spain.

Question 19

What were the major reasons for the decline of both the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates? What role did the umma play in this decline?

Accepted Answer

The Umayyads were predominantly a politi

Question 20

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
caliphate

Accepted Answer

A caliphate is a form of Islamic governm

Exam 9: The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam

After the rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in the mid-eighth century, it was overthrown in all areas except

Explain the way Islam began to fragment along three separate paths. What were these paths, and how were their beliefs different?

The Arab community prior to the seventh century C.E.

A significant factor in creating a powerful Abbasid culture was the

The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate was

According to Islam, slavery was

Muhammad conceived Islam after

The Muslim leader who re-took Jerusalem from the European Crusaders was

The Sasanid Empire benefited from its location along the Silk Road. The exotic crops its farmers adopted after obtaining seeds through trade included

The subsequent split of supporters to different caliphs, or successors, divided the umma into

Sufism was significant in being a(n)

Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history?

Describe the evolution of Islamic culture beyond religious beliefs. What was its lasting effect on Europe?

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. Abbasid Caliphate

Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the

Muslim means

The Sub-Saharan kingdom of Ghana became important to Muslim trade by providing which resource?

After failing to reform the government and military, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of the

What were the major reasons for the decline of both the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates? What role did the umma play in this decline?

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. caliphate

Nature, Humanity, and the First River-Valley Civilizations

The Middle East and the Mediterranean

New Civilizations in East Asia, Africa, and Europe

Greece and Iran

An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China

India and Southeast Asia

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas

Networks of Communication and Exchange

Christian Societies Emerge in Europe

Inner and East Asia

Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath

Europe East and West

Southern Lands and Seas

The Maritime Revolution

Transformations in Europe

The Americas, the Atlantic, and Africa

Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean

East Asia

Industrial Revolution and Global Impact

Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World

Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism

Varieties of Imperialism in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Latin America

The New Power Balance

The Crisis of the Imperial Order

Revolutions in Living

The Collapse of the Old Order

The Cold War and Decolonization

New Challenges in a New Millennium

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