Question 1

In light of the challenges to the Catholic Church, many reforms of the Roman Catholic Church were enacted, such as

Accepted Answer

A)  mandating poverty for the Ca tholic Church as an institu tion. 
B)  instituting dietary restrictions to symbolize purity. 
C)  reforming the education of the clergy. 
D)  allowing priests and nuns to marry. 
E)  using the vernacular during mass. 
A)  mandating poverty for the Ca tholic Church as an institu tion. 
B)  instituting dietary restrictions to symbolize purity. 
C)  reforming the education of the clergy. 
D)  allowing priests and nuns to marry. 
E)  using the vernacular during mass. C

Question 2

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
balance of power

Accepted Answer

The balance of power refers to the distribution of military and economic capabilities among rival states or alliances, which serves to prevent any one entity from dominating the others. This concept is often used in the context of international relations and is seen as a way to maintain stability and prevent conflicts from escalating. The balance of power can be achieved through various means, such as alliances, diplomacy, and the threat of force, and it is constantly shifting as states seek to maintain their own security and influence. Overall, the balance of power is a key factor in shaping the dynamics of the international system and has been a central concept in the study of international relations for centuries.

Question 3

Describe the Scientific Revolution. Why did it begin? Who were some of the n otable thinkers resp onsible for this revolution? Was there widespread acceptance of their ideas?

Accepted Answer

Students should explain that the Scientific Revolution emerged out of the Renaiss ance humanists' rediscovery of Greek thought. In the sixteenth century, some thinkers began to challenge the discoveries of the Greeks, particularly Aristotle, and began a movement to explain the workings of the universe based on natural causes and mathematics. The contributions of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton all combined to alter the way of thinking established by Aristotle, leading eventually to a shift in authority in which the results of direct, controlled observation of the world -- experimental data -- took precedence over the accounts presented in ancient texts. Student should understand the heliocentric theory of the universe. Galileo was condemned for his writings; both Protestant and Catholic religious authorities initially resisted heliocentrism.  Despite this opposition, the remarkable technical innovations that the scientific revolution made possible, such as the telescope, gave the new way of thinking considerable prestige and influence, especially among secular governmental authorities and those with commercial power.  The Enlightenment effort to apply the scientific method to the study of society is testament to this growing prestige.

Question 4

The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of

Accepted Answer

A)  Spain's inattention to the needs of The Netherlands. 
B)  a worsening Dutch economy. 
C)  the imposition of the Spanish sales tax and Catholic orthodoxy. 
D)  an invasion by the Spanish navy. 
E)  a failing Spanish economy. 
A)  Spain's inattention to the needs of The Netherlands. 
B)  a worsening Dutch economy. 
C)  the imposition of the Spanish sales tax and Catholic orthodoxy. 
D)  an invasion by the Spanish navy. 
E)  a failing Spanish economy.

Question 5

The thinkers of the Scientific Revolution sought to understand nature by

Accepted Answer

A)  reading Aristotle. 
B)  reading the Bible. 
C)  conducting experiments that led to the development of mathematically-expressed laws. 
D)  intentionally undermining religious faith. 
E)  C and D. 
A)  reading Aristotle. 
B)  reading the Bible. 
C)  conducting experiments that led to the development of mathematically-expressed laws. 
D)  intentionally undermining religious faith. 
E)  C and D.

Question 6

How can one explain the witch-hunts that swept through Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Who were the victims? Why were so many of the accused women?

Accepted Answer

The minds of most Europeans were shaped

Question 7

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
witch-hunt

Accepted Answer

A witch-hunt refers to a campaign or inv

Question 8

Although European peasants were free during the early modern era,

Accepted Answer

A)  they were obliged to provide ten years of military service. 
B)  they were forced to head the decision-making offices of the government. 
C)  their standards of living may have declined between 1500 and 1750. 
D)  they faced increasing competition from African slaves. 
E)  they were forced into overseas service as missionaries. 
A)  they were obliged to provide ten years of military service. 
B)  they were forced to head the decision-making offices of the government. 
C)  their standards of living may have declined between 1500 and 1750. 
D)  they faced increasing competition from African slaves. 
E)  they were forced into overseas service as missionaries.

Question 9

The Dutch East and West Indies Company gained financial supremacy in all Europe by

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing a monopoly on products from the Indies. 
B)  forming as a joint-stock company. 
C)  reducing the risk of overseas cargo trade by attracting many investors, thus spreading out the financial burden. 
D)  allowing trade of stocks in the market in Amsterdam. 
E)  All of these 
A)  establishing a monopoly on products from the Indies. 
B)  forming as a joint-stock company. 
C)  reducing the risk of overseas cargo trade by attracting many investors, thus spreading out the financial burden. 
D)  allowing trade of stocks in the market in Amsterdam. 
E)  All of these

Question 10

Among other things, Galileo Galilei is famous for

Accepted Answer

A)  building a telescope. 
B)  discovering that the earth is in orbit around the sun. 
C)  discovering the planet Neptune. 
D)  discovering that the planets move in elliptical orbits. 
E)  proving the literal truth of several Biblical stories. 
A)  building a telescope. 
B)  discovering that the earth is in orbit around the sun. 
C)  discovering the planet Neptune. 
D)  discovering that the planets move in elliptical orbits. 
E)  proving the literal truth of several Biblical stories.

Question 11

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
Protestant Reformation

Accepted Answer

The Protestant Reformation was a major 1

Question 12

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
Scientific Revolution

Accepted Answer

The Scientific Revolution was a period o

Question 13

T he devastating wars of the early modern era in Europe resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  the destruction of the national museums. 
B)  more skilled European armies with better weapons. 
C)  gang violence in the streets of Paris and London. 
D)  a unified European state called the Holy Roman Empire. 
E)  a widespread pacifist movement in Europe. 
A)  the destruction of the national museums. 
B)  more skilled European armies with better weapons. 
C)  gang violence in the streets of Paris and London. 
D)  a unified European state called the Holy Roman Empire. 
E)  a widespread pacifist movement in Europe.

Question 14

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
bourgeoisie

Accepted Answer

The term "bourgeoisie" refers to a socia

Question 15

Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their states by

Accepted Answer

A)  limiting the power of the church and the nobility. 
B)  instituting mercantile economic policies. 
C)  building castles with large fortifications. 
D)  marrying their daughters to princes from other kingdoms. 
E)  using Ottoman mercenaries. 
A)  limiting the power of the church and the nobility. 
B)  instituting mercantile economic policies. 
C)  building castles with large fortifications. 
D)  marrying their daughters to princes from other kingdoms. 
E)  using Ottoman mercenaries.

Question 16

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
Catholic Reformation

Accepted Answer

The Catholic Reformation, also known as

Question 17

The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by the

Accepted Answer

A)  Bourbons. 
B)  Huguenots. 
C)  Burgundians. 
D)  Habsburgs. 
E)  Romanovs. 
A)  Bourbons. 
B)  Huguenots. 
C)  Burgundians. 
D)  Habsburgs. 
E)  Romanovs.

Question 18

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
deforestation

Accepted Answer

Deforestation refers to the large-scale

Question 19

Calvinism went further than Lutheranism in

Accepted Answer

A)  encouraging political rebellion. 
B)  empowering ordained clergy. 
C)  simplifying religious rituals. 
D)  building extravagant churches. 
E)  insisting on loyalty to the Vatican. 
A)  encouraging political rebellion. 
B)  empowering ordained clergy. 
C)  simplifying religious rituals. 
D)  building extravagant churches. 
E)  insisting on loyalty to the Vatican.

Question 20

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. 
gentry

Accepted Answer

The term "gentry" refers to a social cla

Exam 16: Transformations in Europe

In light of the challenges to the Catholic Church, many reforms of the Roman Catholic Church were enacted, such as

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. balance of power

Describe the Scientific Revolution. Why did it begin? Who were some of the n otable thinkers resp onsible for this revolution? Was there widespread acceptance of their ideas?

The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of

The thinkers of the Scientific Revolution sought to understand nature by

How can one explain the witch-hunts that swept through Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Who were the victims? Why were so many of the accused women?

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. witch-hunt

Although European peasants were free during the early modern era,

The Dutch East and West Indies Company gained financial supremacy in all Europe by

Among other things, Galileo Galilei is famous for

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. Protestant Reformation

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. Scientific Revolution

T he devastating wars of the early modern era in Europe resulted in

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. bourgeoisie

Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their states by

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. Catholic Reformation

The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by the

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. deforestation

Calvinism went further than Lutheranism in

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms. gentry

Nature, Humanity, and the First River-Valley Civilizations

The Middle East and the Mediterranean

New Civilizations in East Asia, Africa, and Europe

Greece and Iran

An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China

India and Southeast Asia

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas

Networks of Communication and Exchange

The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam

Christian Societies Emerge in Europe

Inner and East Asia

Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath

Europe East and West

Southern Lands and Seas

The Maritime Revolution

The Americas, the Atlantic, and Africa

Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean

East Asia

Industrial Revolution and Global Impact

Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World

Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism

Varieties of Imperialism in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Latin America

The New Power Balance

The Crisis of the Imperial Order

Revolutions in Living

The Collapse of the Old Order

The Cold War and Decolonization

New Challenges in a New Millennium

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