Exam 7: Asia
What structure does each yakuza group have?
B
After helping build the American railroad system in the 1860s, many Chinese who remained in the United States were banned from rural counties, and were forced to live in clusters on the Pacific coast where they created Chinatowns. National anger toward Chinese spread and was later codified with the passage of the __________________ in 1882 which prohibited immigration of Chinese laborers.
Chinese Exclusionary Act
Describe the organizational structure of Triads.
Most of the approximately fifty Hong Kong Triads have evolved into loose-knit groups operating and cooperating with each other on the basis of personal introductions and mutual interests. Triads are best described as loose cartels made up of independent groups that "adopt a similar organizational structure and ritual to bind their members together" (Chu 2005: 5). Triad leaders do not dictate to members what criminal activities they should pursue, and generally do not receive monetary benefits unless they are directly involved with the actual criminal enterprise. As in American Mafia families and outlaw motorcycle clubs, Triads have an associational hierarchy that does not exert vertically integrated control over members' criminal enterprises.
After Japan's defeat in WWII, the new yakuza that emerged was populated by unemployed veterans and was far more violent and materialistic than its prewar predecessors.
Tongs were first established in the 1850s as benevolent societies in which U.S. city?
Explain the "United Bamboo," including their organizational structure. What types of illicit activities do they engage in, with respect to Chinese organized criminal behavior?
Which Chinese groups are involved in smuggling aliens for employment in garment manufacturing sweatshops, particularly in New York and California?
________________ is a term used to describe a Chinese human trafficker who specializes in smuggling illegal aliens for employment into the United States and other countries.
The infamous Triad group known as the _____________ has its origins in Communist China's Red Guard, Mao's personal militia established to enforce the "Great Cultural Revolution."
During the last decade of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth, Tong wars occurred on:
The drug-trafficking Triads expanded their operations during the _____________, when thousands of GIs were attracted to the potent heroin of Southeast Asia.
Which of the following wars served to define the various yakuza groups?
Define and explain those who call themselves yakuza . Next, how are present-day yakuza different from their historical counterparts?
In Macau, the Triads are responsible for carrying out all of the following functions, except for:
Triads have an "associational hierarchy" that does not allow for vertically integrated control over the members' criminal enterprises.
Present-day yakuza view themselves as modern samurai and maintain exotic rituals.
The organized crime group known as United Bamboo was established in _____________ in 1956 and maintains strong ties to the Kuomintang Party of Communist China.
_____________ were first established in San Francisco in the 1850s as benevolent societies.
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