Exam 4: The Biological Mind: the Physical Basis of Behavior

Synaptic communication between two neurons usually occurs via ____.

The ____ cortices are important for processing incoming information such as smell or vision.

The ____ lobe in the cerebral cortex curves around the side of each hemisphere and is the location of the primary ____ cortex.

Elias is a young athlete and body builder who hopes to be a personal trainer someday. He sees that other athletes at the gym take ____ for performance enhancement; however, he is hesitant to take it because he is unsure of its side effects.

The ____ lies above the medulla and contains structures involved with the management of ____.

Enclosed within axons are ____, which are hollow spheres containing ____.

In hopes of better understanding how glia affect brain repair, Dr. Jennings develops a special mouse lacking specific types of glia. In her experimental design, Dr. Jennings injures the brain of this special mouse and monitors neuronal repair. What is Dr. Jennings likely to observe?

How does myelination affect the signal transmission of a neuron?

The ____ is a structure that is part of the brainstem and is involved in maintaining balance and motor coordination. This is one of the first structures of the brain to be impacted by alcohol.

____ is a neurotransmitter that participates in the processing of mood, appetite, and sleep.

Endorphin, short for "endogenous morphine," is a neurotransmitter involved in ____.

Piya suffers from severe jet lag when traveling between Bangkok and Boston. He might benefit from an added dose of the chemical messenger ____, which is endogenously released by the ____.

The ________, which is essential in the formation of long-term memories, takes its name from the Greek word for seahorse.

Elaine, a graduate student in a neuroscience department, is interested in understanding the effects of popular herbal remedies on neuronal communication. After growing neurons in a petri dish, she exposes the neurons to several common herbal supplements. After performing a series of electrophysiology experiments, she notes that one class of herbal supplements caused the neurons to become depolarized. What does this mean?

While jogging barefoot on the beach, Georgio steps on the sharp edge of a broken shell and immediately lifts his foot. What causes Georgio to immediately lift his foot in response to the shell?

The most forward part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, known as the ____, is involved with ____.

The ____, located just above the roof of the mouth and just below the ____, is often referred to as the body's master gland because many of the hormones it releases activate the body's other glands.

Georgio is jogging barefoot along the beach when he suddenly steps on the sharp edge of a broken shell. He instantly feels pain due to the message carried to his brain by ____. He then slowly walks home with an achy foot. The message of the ache is carried by ____.

____ area is an area adjacent to primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe that participates in speech production.

Professor Kingston is interested in understanding the origins of gambling addictions. To study the brain activity of gambling addicts, Professor Kingston tracks oxygen flow in their brains while they engage in online gambling. What method is he most likely using?