Question 1

Explain the discovery, role, and importance of DNA.

Accepted Answer

The discovery of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is credited to several scientists, including Friedrich Miescher, who first isolated DNA in 1869, and James Watson and Francis Crick, who proposed the double helix structure of DNA in 1953. DNA plays a crucial role in genetics and heredity, as it contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms.

The importance of DNA lies in its ability to store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. This information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. The sequence of nucleotides determines the genetic code, which in turn determines an organism's traits and characteristics.

DNA also plays a vital role in protein synthesis, as it serves as a template for the production of proteins through the process of transcription and translation. Proteins are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

Furthermore, DNA has revolutionized fields such as medicine, forensics, and biotechnology. In medicine, the study of DNA has led to advancements in the understanding and treatment of genetic disorders, cancer, and other diseases. In forensics, DNA analysis has become a powerful tool for identifying individuals and solving crimes. In biotechnology, DNA manipulation has enabled the production of genetically modified organisms and the development of new drugs and therapies.

In summary, the discovery, role, and importance of DNA have had a profound impact on our understanding of life and have paved the way for numerous scientific and technological advancements. DNA is the blueprint of life, and its study continues to unlock new possibilities for improving human health, agriculture, and the environment.

Question 2

Regulatory genes produce enzymes and other proteins that either switch on or turn off other segments of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Regulatory genes are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) deactivating DNA. 
B) diminishing or enhancing expression of other genes. 
C) playing a key part in embryological development. 
D) synthesizing protein. 
E) serving a fundamental role in cellular function. 
A) deactivating DNA. 
B) diminishing or enhancing expression of other genes. 
C) playing a key part in embryological development. 
D) synthesizing protein. 
E) serving a fundamental role in cellular function. D

Question 4

Approximately 80% of the human genome is involved in some form of biochemical function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Sickle-cell anemia can result in impaired blood circulation. 
B) Individuals with sickle-cell anemia inherited an abnormal allele from each parent that causes the production of an altered form of hemoglobin. 
C) People with sickle-cell trait are as severely affected as those with sickle-cell anemia. 
D) The abnormal form of hemoglobin in people with sickle-cell anemia is called hemoglobin S. 
E) The mutation that results in sickle-cell anemia affects the hemoglobin beta chain. 
A) Sickle-cell anemia can result in impaired blood circulation. 
B) Individuals with sickle-cell anemia inherited an abnormal allele from each parent that causes the production of an altered form of hemoglobin. 
C) People with sickle-cell trait are as severely affected as those with sickle-cell anemia. 
D) The abnormal form of hemoglobin in people with sickle-cell anemia is called hemoglobin S. 
E) The mutation that results in sickle-cell anemia affects the hemoglobin beta chain.

Question 6

A eukaryotic cell is composed of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins but lacks nucleic acids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Uracil 
B) Guanine 
C) Thymine 
D) Adenine 
E) Cytosine 
A) Uracil 
B) Guanine 
C) Thymine 
D) Adenine 
E) Cytosine

Question 8

Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What are the two steps in protein synthesis?  Where does each occur?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis, the process by which

Question 10

Individuals who inherit only one of the hemoglobin S alleles have sickle-cell anemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) 24 
B) 23 
C) 26 
D) 25 
E) 22 
A) 24 
B) 23 
C) 26 
D) 25 
E) 22

Question 12

The cell nucleus

Accepted Answer

A) is the same thing as the cytoplasm. 
B) is not distinct from the cytoplasm. 
C) contains only X and Y chromosomes. 
D) is made up of ribosomes. 
E) contains DNA and RNA. 
A) is the same thing as the cytoplasm. 
B) is not distinct from the cytoplasm. 
C) contains only X and Y chromosomes. 
D) is made up of ribosomes. 
E) contains DNA and RNA.

Question 13

According to the human genome's latest revision, humans have approximately how many genes?

Accepted Answer

A) 90,000 
B) 25,000 
C) 50,000 
D) 21,000 
E) 30,000 
A) 90,000 
B) 25,000 
C) 50,000 
D) 21,000 
E) 30,000

Question 14

How many chromosomes occur in a normal human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) 23 
B) 48 
C) 46 
D) 53 
E) 50 
A) 23 
B) 48 
C) 46 
D) 53 
E) 50

Question 15

Compare and contrast the processes and end products of mitosis and meiosis.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis and meiosis are both processes o

Question 16

A major goal of the Human Genome Project is to

Accepted Answer

A) facilitate human cloning. 
B) map the chromosomes of every human on the planet. 
C) sequence the entire human genome. 
D) trace evolutionary relationships among primates. 
E) prevent overpopulation. 
A) facilitate human cloning. 
B) map the chromosomes of every human on the planet. 
C) sequence the entire human genome. 
D) trace evolutionary relationships among primates. 
E) prevent overpopulation.

Question 17

Explain sickle-cell anemia and the evolutionary importance of mutations.

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder

Question 18

Somatic cells are

Accepted Answer

A) one type of prokaryotic cells. 
B) gametes. 
C) the cellular components of body tissue. 
D) the only types of cells humans have. 
E) responsible for reproduction. 
A) one type of prokaryotic cells. 
B) gametes. 
C) the cellular components of body tissue. 
D) the only types of cells humans have. 
E) responsible for reproduction.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Protein synthesis 
B) Storing DNA 
C) Breaking down nutrients 
D) Storing PCR 
E) Storing energy 
A) Protein synthesis 
B) Storing DNA 
C) Breaking down nutrients 
D) Storing PCR 
E) Storing energy

Question 20

After mitosis, daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA as in the original cell.  This is due to

Accepted Answer

A) protein synthesis. 
B) recombination. 
C) pairing of homologous chromosomes. 
D) meiosis. 
E) DNA replication. 
A) protein synthesis. 
B) recombination. 
C) pairing of homologous chromosomes. 
D) meiosis. 
E) DNA replication.

Explain the discovery, role, and importance of DNA.

Regulatory genes produce enzymes and other proteins that either switch on or turn off other segments of DNA.

Regulatory genes are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

Approximately 80% of the human genome is involved in some form of biochemical function.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A eukaryotic cell is composed of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins but lacks nucleic acids.

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA.

What are the two steps in protein synthesis? Where does each occur?

Individuals who inherit only one of the hemoglobin S alleles have sickle-cell anemia.

How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?

The cell nucleus

According to the human genome's latest revision, humans have approximately how many genes?

How many chromosomes occur in a normal human somatic cell?

Compare and contrast the processes and end products of mitosis and meiosis.

A major goal of the Human Genome Project is to

Explain sickle-cell anemia and the evolutionary importance of mutations.

Somatic cells are

Which of the following is NOT a function of cells?

After mitosis, daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA as in the original cell. This is due to

Introduction to Physical Anthropology

The Development of Evolutionary Theory

Heredity and Evolution

Macroevolution: Processes of Vertebrate and Mammalian Evolution

Survey of the Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Overview of the Fossil Primates

Paleoanthropology: Reconstructing Early Hominin Behavior and Ecology

Hominin Origins in Africa

The First Dispersal of the Genus Homo: Homo Erectus and Contemporaries

Premodern Humans

The Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans

Modern Human Biology: Patterns of Variation

Modern Human Biology: Patterns of Adaptation

Legacies of Human Evolutionary History: Effects on the Human Life Course

The Human Disconnection

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Exam 3: The Biological Basis of Life

Explain the discovery, role, and importance of DNA.

Regulatory genes produce enzymes and other proteins that either switch on or turn off other segments of DNA.

Regulatory genes are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

Approximately 80% of the human genome is involved in some form of biochemical function.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A eukaryotic cell is composed of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins but lacks nucleic acids.

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA.

What are the two steps in protein synthesis? Where does each occur?

Individuals who inherit only one of the hemoglobin S alleles have sickle-cell anemia.

How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?

The cell nucleus

According to the human genome's latest revision, humans have approximately how many genes?

How many chromosomes occur in a normal human somatic cell?

Compare and contrast the processes and end products of mitosis and meiosis.

A major goal of the Human Genome Project is to

Explain sickle-cell anemia and the evolutionary importance of mutations.

Somatic cells are

Which of the following is NOT a function of cells?

After mitosis, daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA as in the original cell. This is due to

Introduction to Physical Anthropology

The Development of Evolutionary Theory

Heredity and Evolution

Macroevolution: Processes of Vertebrate and Mammalian Evolution

Survey of the Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Overview of the Fossil Primates

Paleoanthropology: Reconstructing Early Hominin Behavior and Ecology

Hominin Origins in Africa

The First Dispersal of the Genus Homo: Homo Erectus and Contemporaries

Premodern Humans

The Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans

Modern Human Biology: Patterns of Variation

Modern Human Biology: Patterns of Adaptation

Legacies of Human Evolutionary History: Effects on the Human Life Course

The Human Disconnection

Filters