Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

While counting four objects, Yoshiko says "1, 2, 4, 8" one time and "2, 1, 4, 8" the next time. This demonstrates that Yoshiko has failed to master the ____ principle of counting.

The following 3-year-olds are asked to count the number building blocks (five each) placed in front of them. Which of the following responses best illustrates the one-to-one principle?

The defining characteristic of centration is ____ thought.

You work for a police department in a major city. A brutal crime has just been committed and the only witness is a 5-year-old boy. Discuss concerns that you might have over the accuracy of the boy's testimony. Then describe ways that you might use to improve the accuracy of the child's recollection.

Adam waves "bye-bye" when he leaves the room and pretends to eat imaginary food. In other words, Adam is

The best predictor of a large vocabulary in a young child is

Piagetians believe that an average child would first demonstrate the onset of intentional behavior when he or she is approximately

Which child does Piaget's theory have the most difficulty explaining?

By definition, attention determines

One criticism of Piaget's theory is that it

Piaget argued that the first reactions by newborns were

Which is the best example of underextension?

Rather than saying the kitten fell in the bathtub, young Sylvester says, "Kitty wet," which leaves Sylverster's mother to wonder about the nature of the liquid on or coming out of the cat. This linguistic limitation is known as

A memory for some significant life event is called a(n) ____ memory.

Meltzoff and Moore's controversial finding that 3-week-olds would stick out their tongues to match an adult performing the same act has been used to support the ______ notion of early life.

Four-year-old Gustav appears to be talking to himself as he is building a tower of blocks. Describe Vygotsky's take on this behavior (e.g., Is this normal behavior? Is this a helpful behavior? Will this behavior go away?).

Describe three guidelines for fostering cognitive development in children.

As a Piagetian, Avery would consider ____ the highest accomplishment of the sensorimotor period of development.

According to Vygotsky, ____ speech is another term for thought.

During a power outage, Blair does not want to finish eating her vanilla ice cream because, as she puts it, "When the lights went out, the ice cream turned black, and I don't like black ice cream!" Blair is in the ____ stage of development.