Question 1

Explain the benefits of intestinal microflora to health.

Accepted Answer

The intestines contain beneficial bacteria that produce vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K, as well as protect the body from infectious organisms. As long as the normal intestinal flora are present, infectious bacteria have a difficult time establishing and attacking the digestive system.

Question 2

What is gastric juice composed of?

Accepted Answer

A)  water, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid 
B)  enzymes, water, and pancreatic acid 
C)  chylomicrons, water, and bile 
D)  hydrochloric acid, bile, and enzymes 
E)  hydrochloric acid, insulin, and bile 
A)  water, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid 
B)  enzymes, water, and pancreatic acid 
C)  chylomicrons, water, and bile 
D)  hydrochloric acid, bile, and enzymes 
E)  hydrochloric acid, insulin, and bile A

Question 3

A patient has lost the ability to digest the majority of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats due to a loss of enzymes. Which organ is most likely failing her?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  gallbladder 
C)  stomach 
D)  liver 
E)  intestine 
A)  pancreas 
B)  gallbladder 
C)  stomach 
D)  liver 
E)  intestine A

Question 4

Gallbladder disease can compromise the digestion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  fat. 
B)  protein. 
C)  carbohydrate. 
D)  fiber. 
E)  minerals. 
A)  fat. 
B)  protein. 
C)  carbohydrate. 
D)  fiber. 
E)  minerals.

Question 5

Elevated LDL concentrations are associated with a high risk of heart disease because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  transport cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues. 
B)  carry excessive amounts of fat that is deposited around the heart. 
C)  encourage high levels of iron in the blood. 
D)  take excess cholesterol back to the liver, which increases the production of cholesterol. 
E)  are a different, less complex, type of cholesterol. 
A)  transport cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues. 
B)  carry excessive amounts of fat that is deposited around the heart. 
C)  encourage high levels of iron in the blood. 
D)  take excess cholesterol back to the liver, which increases the production of cholesterol. 
E)  are a different, less complex, type of cholesterol.

Question 6

One of the functions of the colon is to absorb:

Accepted Answer

A)  salts. 
B)  vitamins. 
C)  sugars. 
D)  fiber. 
E)  fats. 
A)  salts. 
B)  vitamins. 
C)  sugars. 
D)  fiber. 
E)  fats.

Question 7

What is a good recommendation to prevent foodborne illnesses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fresh produce should be washed before it is eaten. 
B)  Only new sponges and towels should be used in the kitchen. 
C)  Leftovers can safely be covered and left at room temperature until the next meal. 
D)  Meats should be marinated at room temperature. 
E)  All meat should be washed before cooking. 
A)  Fresh produce should be washed before it is eaten. 
B)  Only new sponges and towels should be used in the kitchen. 
C)  Leftovers can safely be covered and left at room temperature until the next meal. 
D)  Meats should be marinated at room temperature. 
E)  All meat should be washed before cooking.

Question 8

After the pancreatic juices have mixed with chyme in the intestine, the resulting mixture is:

Accepted Answer

A)  very acidic. 
B)  slightly acidic. 
C)  strongly alkaline. 
D)  slightly alkaline. 
E)  none of the these. 
A)  very acidic. 
B)  slightly acidic. 
C)  strongly alkaline. 
D)  slightly alkaline. 
E)  none of the these.

Question 9

Chylomicrons contain the greatest proportion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  cholesterol. 
C)  phospholipid. 
D)  water. 
E)   triglyceride. 
A)  protein. 
B)  cholesterol. 
C)  phospholipid. 
D)  water. 
E)   triglyceride.

Question 10

Which of the following contains no digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  saliva 
B)  gastric juice 
C)  intestinal juice 
D)  bile 
E)  pancreatic juice 
A)  saliva 
B)  gastric juice 
C)  intestinal juice 
D)  bile 
E)  pancreatic juice

Question 11

Health and performance of the digestive system can be positively affected by:

Accepted Answer

A)  adequate sleep. 
B)  enzyme supplements. 
C)  colon cleansing treatments. 
D)  a high-fat diet. 
E)  foodborne illness. 
A)  adequate sleep. 
B)  enzyme supplements. 
C)  colon cleansing treatments. 
D)  a high-fat diet. 
E)  foodborne illness.

Question 12

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase. 
B)  lipase. 
C)  bile. 
D)  disaccharidase. 
E)  pepsin 
A)  amylase. 
B)  lipase. 
C)  bile. 
D)  disaccharidase. 
E)  pepsin

Question 13

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  segmentation. 
B)  rotation. 
C)  peristalsis. 
D)  liquefaction. 
E)  kneading. 
A)  segmentation. 
B)  rotation. 
C)  peristalsis. 
D)  liquefaction. 
E)  kneading.

Question 14

Which of the following foods would be digested most rapidly?

Accepted Answer

A)  a scoop of lemon sherbet 
B)  an apple 
C)  a baked potato with sour cream 
D)  a piece of cheese on a cracker 
E)  a hamburger 
A)  a scoop of lemon sherbet 
B)  an apple 
C)  a baked potato with sour cream 
D)  a piece of cheese on a cracker 
E)  a hamburger

Question 15

Another name for the digestive tract is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary tract. 
B)  exocrine system. 
C)  gastrointestinal tract. 
D)  muscular system. 
E)  gastroesophageal system. 
A)  urinary tract. 
B)  exocrine system. 
C)  gastrointestinal tract. 
D)  muscular system. 
E)  gastroesophageal system.

Question 16

Describe the role of the stomach in the process of digestion.

Accepted Answer

The stomach is a muscular, elastic, sacl

Question 17

A benefit of fiber is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes mineral absorption. 
B)  aids in keeping stools soft. 
C)  prevents diarrhea. 
D)  keeps individual foods from getting mixed together. 
E)  promotes fat absorption. 
A)  promotes mineral absorption. 
B)  aids in keeping stools soft. 
C)  prevents diarrhea. 
D)  keeps individual foods from getting mixed together. 
E)  promotes fat absorption.

Question 18

The emulsification of fat requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  biotin. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  prostaglandins. 
D)  intestinal flora. 
E)  bile. 
A)  biotin. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  prostaglandins. 
D)  intestinal flora. 
E)  bile.

Question 19

Which of these foods would be digested most quickly?

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar cookies 
B)  peanut butter sandwich and milk 
C)  stew and cornbread 
D)  hamburger, French fries, and milkshake 
E)  steak and baked potato 
A)  sugar cookies 
B)  peanut butter sandwich and milk 
C)  stew and cornbread 
D)  hamburger, French fries, and milkshake 
E)  steak and baked potato

Question 20

Which two organs secrete digestive juices into the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  gallbladder and pancreas 
B)  pancreas and liver 
C)  gallbladder and liver 
D)  duodenum and pancreas 
E)  liver and stomach 
A)  gallbladder and pancreas 
B)  pancreas and liver 
C)  gallbladder and liver 
D)  duodenum and pancreas 
E)  liver and stomach

Exam 2: Digestion and Absorption

Explain the benefits of intestinal microflora to health.

What is gastric juice composed of?

A patient has lost the ability to digest the majority of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats due to a loss of enzymes. Which organ is most likely failing her?

Gallbladder disease can compromise the digestion of:

Elevated LDL concentrations are associated with a high risk of heart disease because they:

One of the functions of the colon is to absorb:

What is a good recommendation to prevent foodborne illnesses?

After the pancreatic juices have mixed with chyme in the intestine, the resulting mixture is:

Chylomicrons contain the greatest proportion of:

Which of the following contains no digestive enzymes?

Health and performance of the digestive system can be positively affected by:

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:

Which of the following foods would be digested most rapidly?

Another name for the digestive tract is the:

Describe the role of the stomach in the process of digestion.

A benefit of fiber is that it:

The emulsification of fat requires:

Which of these foods would be digested most quickly?

Which two organs secrete digestive juices into the small intestine?

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection

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