Question 1

Scholars devoted to Hermeticism

Accepted Answer

A)  believed that the world was a very recent and still imperfect creation. 
B)  credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature. 
C)  saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature. 
D)  retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic. 
E)  all of the above. 
A)  believed that the world was a very recent and still imperfect creation. 
B)  credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature. 
C)  saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature. 
D)  retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic. 
E)  all of the above. C

Question 2

Talk about:
-world-machine

Accepted Answer

The world-machine concept refers to the idea that the world operates like a machine, with interconnected parts and systems that work together to create the world as we know it. This concept is often used in discussions about the environment, technology, and society, as it highlights the complex and interdependent nature of the world.

In environmental discussions, the world-machine concept emphasizes the delicate balance of ecosystems and the impact of human activity on the natural world. It underscores the idea that the Earth is a complex system with interconnected processes that can be disrupted by human actions.

In technology, the world-machine concept can be seen in the way that interconnected systems and networks shape our daily lives. From the internet to transportation systems, the world operates as a vast machine with countless moving parts that work together to keep things running smoothly.

In discussions about society, the world-machine concept can be used to highlight the interconnectedness of global economies, cultures, and political systems. It underscores the idea that the world is not just a collection of separate entities, but a complex and interdependent system that influences and is influenced by countless factors.

Overall, the world-machine concept serves as a powerful metaphor for understanding the intricate and interconnected nature of the world we live in. It reminds us that our actions and decisions have far-reaching consequences, and that we are all part of a larger system that requires careful consideration and stewardship.

Question 3

Talk about:
-rationalism

Accepted Answer

Rationalism is a philosophical doctrine that posits reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. It stands in contrast to empiricism, which emphasizes sensory experience as the source of all knowledge. Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of rationalism:

Who?
Rationalism is associated with a number of philosophers, most notably René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who are collectively known as the "rationalists" of the 17th century. These thinkers believed that certain truths could be arrived at solely through the use of reason, independent of the senses.

What?
Rationalism, as a philosophy, asserts that truths can be discovered through the use of reason and logical analysis, assuming that certain principles are self-evident. According to rationalists, there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience.

Where?
Rationalism has its roots in ancient philosophies, notably in the works of Plato and Aristotle. However, it was during the Enlightenment in Europe, particularly in France, Germany, and the Netherlands, where rationalism became more prominently established as a systematic philosophy.

When?
While elements of rationalism can be traced back to ancient philosophy, it reached its peak during the 17th and 18th centuries with the work of Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz. This period, known as the Age of Enlightenment, was a time when European philosophers emphasized the power of reason and sought to establish new foundations for knowledge.

Why Important?
Rationalism is important because it has significantly shaped Western philosophy and has had a profound impact on the development of modern science, mathematics, and logic. It challenges the notion that all knowledge comes from experience and instead suggests that the mind contains innate ideas and principles that can be used to understand the world. Rationalism has also influenced other areas of thought, such as ethics, politics, and religion, by promoting the idea that reason is the best guide for belief and action.

In summary, rationalism is a key philosophical concept that emphasizes the role of reason in the acquisition of knowledge, suggesting that the mind has innate capabilities to grasp certain truths independently of sensory experience. This idea has been influential in shaping various fields of human thought and continues to be a subject of interest in philosophical discussions.

Question 4

Talk about:
-Johannes Kepler

Accepted Answer

Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer,

Question 5

Newton's world-machine

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to Newton's assertion that alchemical techniques could turn the world into a machine that generated abundant supplies of gold. 
B)  had little impact on the Western worldview until the twentieth century. 
C)  suggested that the secrets of the natural world could not be revealed by human investigations. 
D)  created a new cosmology in which the world was seen largely in mechanistic terms. 
E)  indicated a rejection of the work of his predecessors. 
A)  refers to Newton's assertion that alchemical techniques could turn the world into a machine that generated abundant supplies of gold. 
B)  had little impact on the Western worldview until the twentieth century. 
C)  suggested that the secrets of the natural world could not be revealed by human investigations. 
D)  created a new cosmology in which the world was seen largely in mechanistic terms. 
E)  indicated a rejection of the work of his predecessors.

Question 6

The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive reasoning. 
B)  speculative reasoning. 
C)  deductive reasoning. 
D)  triangulation. 
E)  alchemy. 
A)  inductive reasoning. 
B)  speculative reasoning. 
C)  deductive reasoning. 
D)  triangulation. 
E)  alchemy.

Question 7

Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that

Accepted Answer

A)  the planets are made of earth-like material. 
B)  planetary orbits are elliptical. 
C)  the stars are immensely far away. 
D)  everything is an illusion. 
E)  the moon orbits around the earth. 
A)  the planets are made of earth-like material. 
B)  planetary orbits are elliptical. 
C)  the stars are immensely far away. 
D)  everything is an illusion. 
E)  the moon orbits around the earth.

Question 8

Talk about:
-On the Fabric of the Human Body

Accepted Answer

"On the Fabric of the Human Body" is a g

Question 9

Newton's major work was

Accepted Answer

A)  Novum Organum . 
B)  Principia . 
C)  On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres . 
D)  Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy . 
E)  Utopia . 
A)  Novum Organum . 
B)  Principia . 
C)  On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres . 
D)  Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy . 
E)  Utopia .

Question 10

Talk about:
-geocentric conception

Accepted Answer

The term "geocentric conception" refers

Question 11

According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?

Accepted Answer

A)  Astronomy. 
B)  Art. 
C)  Biology. 
D)  The Bible. 
E)  Mathematics. 
A)  Astronomy. 
B)  Art. 
C)  Biology. 
D)  The Bible. 
E)  Mathematics.

Question 12

Talk about:
-Benedict de Spinoza's pantheism

Accepted Answer

Benedict de Spinoza's pantheism is a phi

Question 13

Descartes asserted that he would accept only those things that the Bible said were true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Talk about:
-epicycles

Accepted Answer

Epicycles were a key concept in ancient

Question 15

Like many of the medieval scholastic philosophers, Blaise Pascal argued that the truths of Christianity could be proved by reason alone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that

Accepted Answer

A)  the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth. 
B)  accurate observation is the foundation of sound theory. 
C)  the earth is at the center of the solar system. 
D)  nothing can ever really be proven. 
E)  the moon orbits the sun. 
A)  the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth. 
B)  accurate observation is the foundation of sound theory. 
C)  the earth is at the center of the solar system. 
D)  nothing can ever really be proven. 
E)  the moon orbits the sun.

Question 17

William Harvey argued that disease was not caused by an imbalance of the four bodily humors but by chemical imbalances that could be treated by chemical remedies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Talk about:
-heliocentric conception

Accepted Answer

The heliocentric conception refers to th

Question 19

The author of Observations upon Experimental Philosophy and Grounds of Natural Philosophy was

Accepted Answer

A)  Marie-Anne Lavoisier. 
B)  Maria Merian. 
C)  Margaret Cavendish. 
D)  Maria Winkelmann. 
E)  Sarah Newton. 
A)  Marie-Anne Lavoisier. 
B)  Maria Merian. 
C)  Margaret Cavendish. 
D)  Maria Winkelmann. 
E)  Sarah Newton.

Question 20

The work of Blaise Pascal

Accepted Answer

A)  succeeded in uniting Christianity and science. 
B)  prioritized reason over faith. 
C)  firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity. 
D)  asserted that "finite man" was made secure and powerful in the new infinite world. 
E)  believed that reason had limitations. 
A)  succeeded in uniting Christianity and science. 
B)  prioritized reason over faith. 
C)  firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity. 
D)  asserted that "finite man" was made secure and powerful in the new infinite world. 
E)  believed that reason had limitations.

Exam 16: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

Scholars devoted to Hermeticism

Talk about: -world-machine

Talk about: -rationalism

Talk about: -Johannes Kepler

Newton's world-machine

The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on

Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that

Talk about: -On the Fabric of the Human Body

Newton's major work was

Talk about: -geocentric conception

According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?

Talk about: -Benedict de Spinoza's pantheism

Descartes asserted that he would accept only those things that the Bible said were true.

Talk about: -epicycles

Like many of the medieval scholastic philosophers, Blaise Pascal argued that the truths of Christianity could be proved by reason alone.

Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that

William Harvey argued that disease was not caused by an imbalance of the four bodily humors but by chemical imbalances that could be treated by chemical remedies.

Talk about: -heliocentric conception

The author of Observations upon Experimental Philosophy and Grounds of Natural Philosophy was

The work of Blaise Pascal

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War Ii

Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985

After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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