Question 1

Talk about:
-Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws and the separation of powers

Accepted Answer

Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws is a seminal work in political theory that explores the concept of the separation of powers. Montesquieu argues that in order to prevent tyranny and protect individual liberty, political power should be divided among different branches of government. He proposes that there should be a legislative branch to make laws, an executive branch to enforce laws, and a judicial branch to interpret laws.

Montesquieu's ideas about the separation of powers had a profound influence on the framers of the United States Constitution. The Constitution reflects Montesquieu's belief in the importance of checks and balances, with separate branches of government having distinct powers and responsibilities. This system is designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and to ensure that each branch can act as a check on the others.

The separation of powers is a fundamental principle of modern democratic governance, and Montesquieu's ideas continue to shape political systems around the world. By advocating for the division of political power, Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws has had a lasting impact on the theory and practice of government.

Question 2

Montesquieu's Persian Letters

Accepted Answer

A)  expressed his admiration of Islam and the East. 
B)  was a translation of a great literary work from ancient Persia. 
C)  was a method that allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church and the French monarchy. 
D)  was first written Latin but later translated into French. 
E)  was published first in Italy. 
A)  expressed his admiration of Islam and the East. 
B)  was a translation of a great literary work from ancient Persia. 
C)  was a method that allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church and the French monarchy. 
D)  was first written Latin but later translated into French. 
E)  was published first in Italy. C

Question 3

What ideas and values defined the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and philosophical growth in Europe during the 18th century. It was characterized by a focus on reason, science, and individual rights, and it promoted the idea that human beings could improve society through the use of reason and rational thinking.

Key ideas that defined the Enlightenment included the belief in the power of reason and the importance of scientific inquiry. This led to a greater emphasis on empirical evidence and a rejection of traditional authority and superstition. Enlightenment thinkers also championed the idea of individual rights and freedoms, including the right to free speech, religious tolerance, and the right to participate in government.

The Enlightenment also emphasized the importance of education and the spread of knowledge, leading to the establishment of public libraries, schools, and universities. This focus on education and knowledge helped to spread Enlightenment ideas and values throughout Europe and beyond.

Overall, the Enlightenment was defined by a commitment to reason, science, individual rights, and the pursuit of knowledge, all of which had a profound impact on the development of modern society and the shaping of democratic and secular values.

Question 4

Deism is the belief that

Accepted Answer

A)  religion is fairy tales to frighten the superstitious. 
B)  if God exists, he has no interest in the world. 
C)  God created the universe but does not actively run it 
D)  a transcendent spirit controls every event. 
E)  praying matters. 
A)  religion is fairy tales to frighten the superstitious. 
B)  if God exists, he has no interest in the world. 
C)  God created the universe but does not actively run it 
D)  a transcendent spirit controls every event. 
E)  praying matters.

Question 5

Talk about:
-Marie-Thérèse de Geoffrin and the marquise du Deffand

Accepted Answer

Marie-Thérèse de Geoffrin and the marqui

Question 6

Talk about:
-Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Accepted Answer

Vindication of the Rights of Woman is a

Question 7

Rousseau's influential novel, Émile , deals with these key Enlightenment themes:

Accepted Answer

A)  proper child rearing and human education. 
B)  the best roles for women in making modern society. 
C)  the necessity of church marriage and reform of church teaching on this sacrament. 
D)  the abolition of the pope's restrictions on religious practices and the content of sermons. 
E)  the evils of child abuse. 
A)  proper child rearing and human education. 
B)  the best roles for women in making modern society. 
C)  the necessity of church marriage and reform of church teaching on this sacrament. 
D)  the abolition of the pope's restrictions on religious practices and the content of sermons. 
E)  the evils of child abuse.

Question 8

The great scientists of the seventeenth century, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in an explicit attempt to question and undermine religion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Talk about:
-Marie-Jean de Condorcet and Baron d'Holbach

Accepted Answer

Marie-Jean de Condorcet and Baron d'Holb

Question 10

Talk about:
-Johann Sebastian Bach

Accepted Answer

Johann Sebastian Bach was a German compo

Question 11

Talk about:
-Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews

Accepted Answer

Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews are two ma

Question 12

In eighteenth-century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant,

Accepted Answer

A)  declined in numbers and influence. 
B)  still played a major role in social and spiritual areas. 
C)  was responsible for the dramatic role in literary. 
D)  had not changed much in two centuries. 
E)  were legally separated from any state or government connections. 
A)  declined in numbers and influence. 
B)  still played a major role in social and spiritual areas. 
C)  was responsible for the dramatic role in literary. 
D)  had not changed much in two centuries. 
E)  were legally separated from any state or government connections.

Question 13

The scientist-philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and the philosophes of the next was

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltaire. 
B)  Denis Diderot. 
C)  David Hume. 
D)  Cesare Beccaria. 
E)  Bernard de Fontenelle. 
A)  Voltaire. 
B)  Denis Diderot. 
C)  David Hume. 
D)  Cesare Beccaria. 
E)  Bernard de Fontenelle.

Question 14

Talk about:
-Jacques-Louis David

Accepted Answer

Jacques-Louis David was a prominent Fren

Question 15

Published travel accounts of different cultures

Accepted Answer

A)  presented an image of "natural man" who was happier than many Europeans. 
B)  saw the origin of the idea of the "noble savage." 
C)  led to the development of cultural relativism. 
D)  resulted in religious skepticism, as Europeans realized the existence of a variety of perceptions of the divine. 
E)  all of the above. 
A)  presented an image of "natural man" who was happier than many Europeans. 
B)  saw the origin of the idea of the "noble savage." 
C)  led to the development of cultural relativism. 
D)  resulted in religious skepticism, as Europeans realized the existence of a variety of perceptions of the divine. 
E)  all of the above.

Question 16

Voltaire was the author of

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatise on Toleration . 
B)  the plays Œdipe and Henriade . 
C)  Philosophic Letters on the English . 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  Treatise on Toleration . 
B)  the plays Œdipe and Henriade . 
C)  Philosophic Letters on the English . 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 17

European music in the later eighteenth century is best associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  Haydn and Mozart, who shifted the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire. 
B)  Handel, the most religiously inspired of the period's composers. 
C)  the strictly elitist, aristocratic works of Haydn. 
D)  the innovative, secular compositions of Bach. 
E)  the neoclassical works of Beethoven. 
A)  Haydn and Mozart, who shifted the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire. 
B)  Handel, the most religiously inspired of the period's composers. 
C)  the strictly elitist, aristocratic works of Haydn. 
D)  the innovative, secular compositions of Bach. 
E)  the neoclassical works of Beethoven.

Question 18

The growth of reading and publishing in the eighteenth century was aided and characterized by the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  private tutors. 
B)  magazines for the general public. 
C)  compulsory education for the general public. 
D)  state investments in free books. 
E)  libraries. 
A)  private tutors. 
B)  magazines for the general public. 
C)  compulsory education for the general public. 
D)  state investments in free books. 
E)  libraries.

Question 19

Talk about:
-Enlightenment

Accepted Answer

The answer of Talk about:
-Enlightenment...

Question 20

Talk about:
-Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

Accepted Answer

Edward Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the

Exam 17: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment

Talk about: -Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws and the separation of powers

Montesquieu's Persian Letters

What ideas and values defined the Enlightenment?

Deism is the belief that

Talk about: -Marie-Thérèse de Geoffrin and the marquise du Deffand

Talk about: -Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Rousseau's influential novel, Émile , deals with these key Enlightenment themes:

The great scientists of the seventeenth century, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in an explicit attempt to question and undermine religion.

Talk about: -Marie-Jean de Condorcet and Baron d'Holbach

Talk about: -Johann Sebastian Bach

Talk about: -Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews

In eighteenth-century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant,

The scientist-philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and the philosophes of the next was

Talk about: -Jacques-Louis David

Published travel accounts of different cultures

Voltaire was the author of

European music in the later eighteenth century is best associated with

The growth of reading and publishing in the eighteenth century was aided and characterized by the development of

Talk about: -Enlightenment

Talk about: -Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War Ii

Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985

After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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