Question 1

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong, weak, electrical, and magnetic 
B)  electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear, and weak 
C)  electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak 
D)  magnetic, electroweak, gravitational, and strong 
E)  electromagnetic, unified, strong, and weak 
A)  strong, weak, electrical, and magnetic 
B)  electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear, and weak 
C)  electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak 
D)  magnetic, electroweak, gravitational, and strong 
E)  electromagnetic, unified, strong, and weak

Question 2

Clusters of galaxies are distributed in space ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  homogenously 
B)  isotropically 
C)  in long, narrow filaments surrounding empty voids 
D)  statically 
E)  in bubbles surrounded by empty walls 
A)  homogenously 
B)  isotropically 
C)  in long, narrow filaments surrounding empty voids 
D)  statically 
E)  in bubbles surrounded by empty walls

Question 3

The Universe is _______________ because it looks the same in any direction you observe it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Universe is _______________ because it looks...

Question 4

In the very first phase after the big bang, when the Universe was about a microsecond old, space was filled with____.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-energy photons 
B)  protons and antiprotons 
C)  protons, neutrons, electrons, and positrons (anti-electrons) 
D)  electrons, and positrons (anti-electrons) 
E)  protons, neutrons, electrons 
A)  high-energy photons 
B)  protons and antiprotons 
C)  protons, neutrons, electrons, and positrons (anti-electrons) 
D)  electrons, and positrons (anti-electrons) 
E)  protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 5

Ordinary matter makes up approximately ____percent of the critical density of the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  1 
C)  4.5 
D)  10 
E)  50 
A)  0.1 
B)  1 
C)  4.5 
D)  10 
E)  50

Question 6

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

Accepted Answer

A)  both controlled by large differences in the cosmic microwave background radiation 
B)  different because dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic forces 
C)  different because dark matter does not interact with gravitational forces 
D)  different because dark matter does not interact with weak nuclear forces 
E)  different because dark matter does not interact with strong nuclear forces 
A)  both controlled by large differences in the cosmic microwave background radiation 
B)  different because dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic forces 
C)  different because dark matter does not interact with gravitational forces 
D)  different because dark matter does not interact with weak nuclear forces 
E)  different because dark matter does not interact with strong nuclear forces

Question 8

The cosmological principle states that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general properties for the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The cosmological redshifts of galaxies are Doppler shifts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from the time when neutral hydrogen atoms formed in the process of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from...

Question 11

If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _____ Universe is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  open; accelerating and will not expand forever 
B)  flat; decelerating and will expand forever 
C)  closed; accelerating and will expand forever 
D)  open;, decelerating and will expand forever 
E)  flat; accelerating and will expand forever 
A)  open; accelerating and will not expand forever 
B)  flat; decelerating and will expand forever 
C)  closed; accelerating and will expand forever 
D)  open;, decelerating and will expand forever 
E)  flat; accelerating and will expand forever

Question 12

The Universe is isotropic, but not homogenous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The Hubble time only describes a Universe that is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  flat 
B)  totally open 
C)  totally closed 
D)  partially open 
E)  partially closed 
A)  flat 
B)  totally open 
C)  totally closed 
D)  partially open 
E)  partially closed

Question 14

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heaviest element created in the big...

Question 15

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Universe must have a center, but not an edge 
B)  sky should be as bright as the surface of a star in all directions 
C)  Universe should have an edge, but not a center 
D)  Earth should be at the farthest point in the Universe from the big bang. 
E)  Universe is not infinite, but cannot have an edge or center 
A)  Universe must have a center, but not an edge 
B)  sky should be as bright as the surface of a star in all directions 
C)  Universe should have an edge, but not a center 
D)  Earth should be at the farthest point in the Universe from the big bang. 
E)  Universe is not infinite, but cannot have an edge or center

Question 16

Dark matter ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is homogenously distributed through the Universe 
B)  began clumping due to tiny variations in density at the moment of the big bang 
C)  began clumping due to large variations in the distribution of matter and antimatter 
D)  is isotropically distributed through the Universe 
E)  began clumping due to the variations in the distribution of baryonic matter 
A)  is homogenously distributed through the Universe 
B)  began clumping due to tiny variations in density at the moment of the big bang 
C)  began clumping due to large variations in the distribution of matter and antimatter 
D)  is isotropically distributed through the Universe 
E)  began clumping due to the variations in the distribution of baryonic matter

Question 17

The flatness problem and the horizon problem can be explained by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  dark energy 
B)  the inflationary universe hypothesis 
C)  grand unified theories 
D)  the electroweak force 
E)  non-baryonic matter 
A)  dark energy 
B)  the inflationary universe hypothesis 
C)  grand unified theories 
D)  the electroweak force 
E)  non-baryonic matter

Question 18

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions)
The Universe had a temperature of a few hundred million degrees K at approximately ____ after the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A)  one second 
B)  one minute 
C)  one hour 
D)  one day 
E)  one year 
A)  one second 
B)  one minute 
C)  one hour 
D)  one day 
E)  one year

Question 19

After nuclear reactions in the big bang had ended, about 25% of the mass of the Universe was in the form of helium nuclei.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What three main observed phenomena are the strongest support for the "big bang" theory?

Accepted Answer

The Hubble law demonstrates that the Uni

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Clusters of galaxies are distributed in space ____.

The Universe is _______________ because it looks the same in any direction you observe it.

In the very first phase after the big bang, when the Universe was about a microsecond old, space was filled with____.

Ordinary matter makes up approximately ____percent of the critical density of the Universe.

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

The cosmological principle states that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general properties for the Universe.

The cosmological redshifts of galaxies are Doppler shifts.

The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from the time when neutral hydrogen atoms formed in the process of _______________.

If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _____ Universe is ____.

The Universe is isotropic, but not homogenous.

The Hubble time only describes a Universe that is ____.

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Dark matter ____.

The flatness problem and the horizon problem can be explained by ____.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) The Universe had a temperature of a few hundred million degrees K at approximately ____ after the big bang.

After nuclear reactions in the big bang had ended, about 25% of the mass of the Universe was in the form of helium nuclei.

What three main observed phenomena are the strongest support for the "big bang" theory?

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Gravity

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Astrobiology

Earth- the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology

Filters

If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _ Universe is .