Question 1

The expansion of the Universe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  was faster in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has decelerated thereafter 
B)  was slower in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has accelerated thereafter 
C)  has been constant throughout the lifetime of the Universe 
D)  steadily accelerated from the big bang to the present day 
E)  steadily decelerated from the big bang to the present day 
A)  was faster in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has decelerated thereafter 
B)  was slower in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has accelerated thereafter 
C)  has been constant throughout the lifetime of the Universe 
D)  steadily accelerated from the big bang to the present day 
E)  steadily decelerated from the big bang to the present day

Question 2

Scientists who study the Universe as a whole are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists who study the Universe as a...

Question 3

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson are famous for____.

Accepted Answer

A)  creating the first microwave telescope 
B)  finding the direction of the center of the Universe 
C)  detecting energy released in the splitting of the electroweak force 
D)  detecting the large redshift background radiation from the big bang 
E)  measuring the temperature of the big bang 
A)  creating the first microwave telescope 
B)  finding the direction of the center of the Universe 
C)  detecting energy released in the splitting of the electroweak force 
D)  detecting the large redshift background radiation from the big bang 
E)  measuring the temperature of the big bang

Question 4

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions)
One year after the big bang, the temperature of the Universe was approximately____ degrees Kelvin.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)   
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 5

The proper interpretation of the Hubble law (which relates the redshift of a galaxy to its distance) is that as time goes on, galaxies are____.

Accepted Answer

A)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies contracts 
B)  moving away from a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
C)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies expands 
D)  moving away from a common center while the space between the galaxies expands 
E)  moving toward a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
A)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies contracts 
B)  moving away from a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
C)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies expands 
D)  moving away from a common center while the space between the galaxies expands 
E)  moving toward a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting

Question 6

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions)
The change from a radiation-dominated to a matter-dominated Universe occurred at a temperature closest to ____ of degrees Kelvin.

Accepted Answer

A)  millions 
B)  hundreds of thousands 
C)  tens of thousands 
D)  thousands 
E)  hundreds 
A)  millions 
B)  hundreds of thousands 
C)  tens of thousands 
D)  thousands 
E)  hundreds

Question 7

The Hubble time is____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an estimate of the age of the Universe 
B)  the time needed for a galaxy to travel 1 Mpc 
C)  not connected to Hubble law of galactic redshifts 
D)  the time for light to cross the Universe 
E)  the time needed for galaxies to form 
A)  an estimate of the age of the Universe 
B)  the time needed for a galaxy to travel 1 Mpc 
C)  not connected to Hubble law of galactic redshifts 
D)  the time for light to cross the Universe 
E)  the time needed for galaxies to form

Question 8

Penzias and Wilson detected microwave radiation because the big bang created ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  shorter wavelength energy that has been redshifted by expansion 
B)  longer wavelength energy that has been redshifted by expansion 
C)  microwave radiation that has not been affected by expansion 
D)  shorter wavelength energy that has been blueshifted by expansion 
E)  longer wavelength energy that has been blueshifted by expansion 
A)  shorter wavelength energy that has been redshifted by expansion 
B)  longer wavelength energy that has been redshifted by expansion 
C)  microwave radiation that has not been affected by expansion 
D)  shorter wavelength energy that has been blueshifted by expansion 
E)  longer wavelength energy that has been blueshifted by expansion

Question 9

The decoupling of the strong force from the electroweak force provided energy for a rapid inflation of the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The fact that the properties of the Universe are close to the dividing line between open and closed Universes refers to the _______________ problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that the properties of the...

Question 11

Hot gas created during the big bang should be detectable becausethe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gas has traveled with galaxies as they formed and is spread through the Universe of the present day 
B)  big bang occurred everywhere at once, and should be visible in any direction at long look-back times 
C)  big bang occurred in a certain location, and the radiation from the gas is concentrated there 
D)  gas has travelled to the edges of the Universe and will be visible at negative redshifts 
E)  radiation emitted by the gas has travelled at the same speed as the expanding Universe and is visible all around us 
A)  gas has traveled with galaxies as they formed and is spread through the Universe of the present day 
B)  big bang occurred everywhere at once, and should be visible in any direction at long look-back times 
C)  big bang occurred in a certain location, and the radiation from the gas is concentrated there 
D)  gas has travelled to the edges of the Universe and will be visible at negative redshifts 
E)  radiation emitted by the gas has travelled at the same speed as the expanding Universe and is visible all around us

Question 12

Normal matter is baryonic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The big bang happened everywhere in the Universe at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The density of the Universe comes from baryonic matter, non-baryonic dark matter, and dark energy. What percentage of the density of the Universe do each of the three represent?

Accepted Answer

The density of the Universe co

Question 15

How is antimatter created?

Accepted Answer

When two high-energy photons pass near e

Question 16

The separation of the strong force and the electroweak force ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  provided the energy for a rapid inflation of the early Universe 
B)  created the cosmic microwave background radiation 
C)  balanced the critical density of the Universe to solve the flatness problem 
D)  created dark matter 
E)  created dark energy 
A)  provided the energy for a rapid inflation of the early Universe 
B)  created the cosmic microwave background radiation 
C)  balanced the critical density of the Universe to solve the flatness problem 
D)  created dark matter 
E)  created dark energy

Question 17

How did dark matter behave differently from normal matter during the early stages of the big bang, and how is this important for the formation of stars and galaxies?

Accepted Answer

As long as radiation dominated the early

Question 18

In the early universe, the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces were joined together to make the electrostrong force.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

When an astronomer measures the redshift to a distant galaxy, exactly what physical process is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Galaxies are being separated from each o

Question 20

The Universe has____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an edge, does not have a center, and is finite 
B)  no edge, does not have a center, and is finite 
C)  an edge, has a center, and is finite 
D)  an edge, has a center, and is infinite 
E)  no edge, does not have a center, and is infinite 
A)  an edge, does not have a center, and is finite 
B)  no edge, does not have a center, and is finite 
C)  an edge, has a center, and is finite 
D)  an edge, has a center, and is infinite 
E)  no edge, does not have a center, and is infinite

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

The expansion of the Universe ____.

Scientists who study the Universe as a whole are called _______________.

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson are famous for____.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) One year after the big bang, the temperature of the Universe was approximately____ degrees Kelvin.

The proper interpretation of the Hubble law (which relates the redshift of a galaxy to its distance) is that as time goes on, galaxies are____.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) The change from a radiation-dominated to a matter-dominated Universe occurred at a temperature closest to ____ of degrees Kelvin.

The Hubble time is____.

Penzias and Wilson detected microwave radiation because the big bang created ____.

The decoupling of the strong force from the electroweak force provided energy for a rapid inflation of the Universe.

The fact that the properties of the Universe are close to the dividing line between open and closed Universes refers to the _______________ problem.

Hot gas created during the big bang should be detectable becausethe ____.

Normal matter is baryonic.

The big bang happened everywhere in the Universe at the same time.

The density of the Universe comes from baryonic matter, non-baryonic dark matter, and dark energy. What percentage of the density of the Universe do each of the three represent?

How is antimatter created?

The separation of the strong force and the electroweak force ____.

How did dark matter behave differently from normal matter during the early stages of the big bang, and how is this important for the formation of stars and galaxies?

In the early universe, the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces were joined together to make the electrostrong force.

When an astronomer measures the redshift to a distant galaxy, exactly what physical process is being measured?

The Universe has____.

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