Question 1

The tendency for groups to become more extreme in their positions following discussion is called

Accepted Answer

A)  group polarization. 
B)  social loafing. 
C)  a social dilemma. 
D)  social facilitation. 
A)  group polarization. 
B)  social loafing. 
C)  a social dilemma. 
D)  social facilitation.

Question 2

In which of the following situations is group polarization least likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  In deciding the best way to recruit new members, the members of Alpha Beta Fraternity are concerned that their fraternity is distinct from the other fraternities on campus. 
B)  While discussing the possibility of offering more outpatient services, the members of the hospital board are surprised that so many members favor the proposal. 
C)  The Senator's re-election committee discusses both the potential advantages and disadvantages of leaking negative information about the opposing candidate. 
D)  In one of the most important decisions it has ever faced, the prosecution team must decide whether to press criminal charges against a high ranking public official. 
A)  In deciding the best way to recruit new members, the members of Alpha Beta Fraternity are concerned that their fraternity is distinct from the other fraternities on campus. 
B)  While discussing the possibility of offering more outpatient services, the members of the hospital board are surprised that so many members favor the proposal. 
C)  The Senator's re-election committee discusses both the potential advantages and disadvantages of leaking negative information about the opposing candidate. 
D)  In one of the most important decisions it has ever faced, the prosecution team must decide whether to press criminal charges against a high ranking public official.

Question 3

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments, Triplett (1898) had children wind fishing reels as quickly as they could. He found that

Accepted Answer

A)  the children were fastest when observed by the experimenter. 
B)  winding times were faster without an audience than with an audience. 
C)  the children were faster when working next to another child rather than alone. 
D)  the children were faster working alone than with a partner. 
A)  the children were fastest when observed by the experimenter. 
B)  winding times were faster without an audience than with an audience. 
C)  the children were faster when working next to another child rather than alone. 
D)  the children were faster working alone than with a partner.

Question 4

Groups differ from collectives in that

Accepted Answer

A)  groups, but not collectives, engage in common activities. 
B)  collectives, but not groups, engage in common activities. 
C)  groups have more direct interaction with one another than collectives. 
D)  collectives have more direct interaction with one another than groups. 
A)  groups, but not collectives, engage in common activities. 
B)  collectives, but not groups, engage in common activities. 
C)  groups have more direct interaction with one another than collectives. 
D)  collectives have more direct interaction with one another than groups.

Question 5

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone. You find the questions to be easy. According to the model of social ________, you should perform ________ than you would if you had worked on the questions alone.

Accepted Answer

A)  loafing; better 
B)  loafing; worse 
C)  facilitation; better 
D)  facilitation; worse 
A)  loafing; better 
B)  loafing; worse 
C)  facilitation; better 
D)  facilitation; worse

Question 6

The characteristics of groups that contribute to groupthink include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  group cohesiveness. 
B)  group structure. 
C)  group size. 
D)  group stress. 
A)  group cohesiveness. 
B)  group structure. 
C)  group size. 
D)  group stress.

Question 7

A group's cohesiveness and its performance have been found to be positively related. This is particularly the case

Accepted Answer

A)  in larger groups. 
B)  for tasks involving interdependence. 
C)  for all-male groups. 
D)  when groups spend a good deal of time worrying about cohesiveness. 
A)  in larger groups. 
B)  for tasks involving interdependence. 
C)  for all-male groups. 
D)  when groups spend a good deal of time worrying about cohesiveness.

Question 8

Aggarwal and O'Brien (2008) studied hundreds of college students and identified several keys to reducing social loafing. All of the following are examples of the strategies they suggest except

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking down complex projects into smaller components. 
B)  keeping groups small. 
C)  selecting group members low in achievement motivation. 
D)  using peer evaluations. 
A)  breaking down complex projects into smaller components. 
B)  keeping groups small. 
C)  selecting group members low in achievement motivation. 
D)  using peer evaluations.

Question 9

Based on the social comparison explanation of group polarization, group members' attitudes toward an issue should be most influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  how different their attitudes are from those of an outgroup. 
B)  those in the ingroup who favor a cautious approach. 
C)  the number of people in their group who share that attitude. 
D)  those in the ingroup who offer the most arguments relevant to the issue. 
A)  how different their attitudes are from those of an outgroup. 
B)  those in the ingroup who favor a cautious approach. 
C)  the number of people in their group who share that attitude. 
D)  those in the ingroup who offer the most arguments relevant to the issue.

Question 10

All of the following appear to reduce the effectiveness of group brainstorming except

Accepted Answer

A)  production blocking. 
B)  social compensation. 
C)  evaluation apprehension. 
D)  performance matching. 
A)  production blocking. 
B)  social compensation. 
C)  evaluation apprehension. 
D)  performance matching.

Question 11

Johnson and Downing (1979) found that participants wearing nurses' uniforms delivered lower levels of shock when they were anonymous than when they were identifiable. This finding suggests that deindividuation causes people to

Accepted Answer

A)  feel that the normative standards of the group do not apply to them. 
B)  engage in destructive behavior when they are anonymous. 
C)  rely more heavily on personal standards of behavior when they are anonymous. 
D)  act in ways that are consistent with the norms of the most salient group. 
A)  feel that the normative standards of the group do not apply to them. 
B)  engage in destructive behavior when they are anonymous. 
C)  rely more heavily on personal standards of behavior when they are anonymous. 
D)  act in ways that are consistent with the norms of the most salient group.

Question 12

Three students form a study group for their social psychology course. Which of the following possibilities would be the best indication than the group is experiencing biased sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  The students focus on the information they all already know instead of reviewing the unique knowledge that each person brings to the group. 
B)  The students assign specific roles and tasks to each other. 
C)  In the effort to categorize themselves as "good" group members, the students conform to each other's opinions about the quality of the course instruction thus far. 
D)  The students refuse to utilize the strategy of brainstorming. 
A)  The students focus on the information they all already know instead of reviewing the unique knowledge that each person brings to the group. 
B)  The students assign specific roles and tasks to each other. 
C)  In the effort to categorize themselves as "good" group members, the students conform to each other's opinions about the quality of the course instruction thus far. 
D)  The students refuse to utilize the strategy of brainstorming.

Question 13

A group of students is discussing whether same-sex couples should be allowed to marry. The students begin the discussion with opinions that are somewhat in favor of gay marriage. If group polarization occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  students will be more strongly supportive of gay marriage after the discussion. 
B)  students will be more strongly opposed to gay marriage after the discussion. 
C)  students' attitudes will not change as a result of the discussion. 
D)  a great deal of disagreement and conflict will occur during the discussion. 
A)  students will be more strongly supportive of gay marriage after the discussion. 
B)  students will be more strongly opposed to gay marriage after the discussion. 
C)  students' attitudes will not change as a result of the discussion. 
D)  a great deal of disagreement and conflict will occur during the discussion.

Question 14

Research suggests that which of the following people would be most likely to engage in social loafing?

Accepted Answer

A)  A woman from a collectivist culture 
B)  A man from a collectivist culture 
C)  A woman from an individualistic culture 
D)  A man from an individualistic culture 
A)  A woman from a collectivist culture 
B)  A man from a collectivist culture 
C)  A woman from an individualistic culture 
D)  A man from an individualistic culture

Question 15

Mr. Belding notices that his students seem to put more effort into their individual assignments than into their group projects. This is most likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing. 
B)  group facilitation. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  group polarization. 
A)  social loafing. 
B)  group facilitation. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  group polarization.

Question 16

The phenomenon of group polarization depends on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A)  most people are risk-averse. 
B)  people tend to join groups with others who have similar attitudes. 
C)  group disagreement impedes positive group performance. 
D)  group members are from an individualistic culture. 
A)  most people are risk-averse. 
B)  people tend to join groups with others who have similar attitudes. 
C)  group disagreement impedes positive group performance. 
D)  group members are from an individualistic culture.

Question 17

Lynn needs to get her subordinates to all invest considerable time and energy into the development of a new design for the company's fall clothing line. If she wants to reduce the likelihood of social loafing she should

Accepted Answer

A)  bring together a large group of diverse individuals. 
B)  tell the subordinates how important the project is to her. 
C)  bring together a group of men rather than a group of women. 
D)  communicate to them how success of the project will benefit each of them personally. 
A)  bring together a large group of diverse individuals. 
B)  tell the subordinates how important the project is to her. 
C)  bring together a group of men rather than a group of women. 
D)  communicate to them how success of the project will benefit each of them personally.

Question 18

Research by Woolley and colleagues (2008) suggest that when it comes to expertise and planning

Accepted Answer

A)  groups with experts can typically get away with not planning their strategy ahead of time, with little adverse effect on performance. 
B)  groups that create a clear plan for how to address a problem don't enjoy any extra benefits from having experts as members. 
C)  expertise is much more important than planning when it comes to group performance. 
D)  None of these 
A)  groups with experts can typically get away with not planning their strategy ahead of time, with little adverse effect on performance. 
B)  groups that create a clear plan for how to address a problem don't enjoy any extra benefits from having experts as members. 
C)  expertise is much more important than planning when it comes to group performance. 
D)  None of these

Question 19

According to Zajonc, social facilitation

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs because of concerns about being evaluated by others. 
B)  results from the physical immediacy of others. 
C)  occurs in humans, but not in less intelligent animals. 
D)  can be explained by considering attentional processes. 
A)  occurs because of concerns about being evaluated by others. 
B)  results from the physical immediacy of others. 
C)  occurs in humans, but not in less intelligent animals. 
D)  can be explained by considering attentional processes.

Question 20

Research concerning the relationship between group cohesiveness and performance suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  cohesiveness has a greater effect on performance than vice versa. 
B)  performance has a greater effect on cohesiveness than vice versa. 
C)  the relationship is negative. 
D)  the relationship is stronger among men than among women. 
A)  cohesiveness has a greater effect on performance than vice versa. 
B)  performance has a greater effect on cohesiveness than vice versa. 
C)  the relationship is negative. 
D)  the relationship is stronger among men than among women.

The tendency for groups to become more extreme in their positions following discussion is called

In which of the following situations is group polarization least likely to occur?

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments, Triplett (1898) had children wind fishing reels as quickly as they could. He found that

Groups differ from collectives in that

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone. You find the questions to be easy. According to the model of social , you should perform than you would if you had worked on the questions alone.

The characteristics of groups that contribute to groupthink include all of the following except

A group's cohesiveness and its performance have been found to be positively related. This is particularly the case

Aggarwal and O'Brien (2008) studied hundreds of college students and identified several keys to reducing social loafing. All of the following are examples of the strategies they suggest except

Based on the social comparison explanation of group polarization, group members' attitudes toward an issue should be most influenced by

All of the following appear to reduce the effectiveness of group brainstorming except

Johnson and Downing (1979) found that participants wearing nurses' uniforms delivered lower levels of shock when they were anonymous than when they were identifiable. This finding suggests that deindividuation causes people to

Three students form a study group for their social psychology course. Which of the following possibilities would be the best indication than the group is experiencing biased sampling?

A group of students is discussing whether same-sex couples should be allowed to marry. The students begin the discussion with opinions that are somewhat in favor of gay marriage. If group polarization occurs

Research suggests that which of the following people would be most likely to engage in social loafing?

Mr. Belding notices that his students seem to put more effort into their individual assignments than into their group projects. This is most likely the result of

The phenomenon of group polarization depends on the assumption that

Lynn needs to get her subordinates to all invest considerable time and energy into the development of a new design for the company's fall clothing line. If she wants to reduce the likelihood of social loafing she should

Research by Woolley and colleagues (2008) suggest that when it comes to expertise and planning

According to Zajonc, social facilitation

Research concerning the relationship between group cohesiveness and performance suggests that

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

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Exam 8: Group Processes

The tendency for groups to become more extreme in their positions following discussion is called

In which of the following situations is group polarization least likely to occur?

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments, Triplett (1898) had children wind fishing reels as quickly as they could. He found that

Groups differ from collectives in that

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone. You find the questions to be easy. According to the model of social ________, you should perform ________ than you would if you had worked on the questions alone.

The characteristics of groups that contribute to groupthink include all of the following except

A group's cohesiveness and its performance have been found to be positively related. This is particularly the case

Aggarwal and O'Brien (2008) studied hundreds of college students and identified several keys to reducing social loafing. All of the following are examples of the strategies they suggest except

Based on the social comparison explanation of group polarization, group members' attitudes toward an issue should be most influenced by

All of the following appear to reduce the effectiveness of group brainstorming except

Johnson and Downing (1979) found that participants wearing nurses' uniforms delivered lower levels of shock when they were anonymous than when they were identifiable. This finding suggests that deindividuation causes people to

Three students form a study group for their social psychology course. Which of the following possibilities would be the best indication than the group is experiencing biased sampling?

A group of students is discussing whether same-sex couples should be allowed to marry. The students begin the discussion with opinions that are somewhat in favor of gay marriage. If group polarization occurs

Research suggests that which of the following people would be most likely to engage in social loafing?

Mr. Belding notices that his students seem to put more effort into their individual assignments than into their group projects. This is most likely the result of

The phenomenon of group polarization depends on the assumption that

Lynn needs to get her subordinates to all invest considerable time and energy into the development of a new design for the company's fall clothing line. If she wants to reduce the likelihood of social loafing she should

Research by Woolley and colleagues (2008) suggest that when it comes to expertise and planning

According to Zajonc, social facilitation

Research concerning the relationship between group cohesiveness and performance suggests that

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone. You find the questions to be easy. According to the model of social , you should perform than you would if you had worked on the questions alone.