Question 1

Kirk is going to be called to the witness stand to give his eyewitness testimony regarding a murder. It is likely that if Kirk first hears other eyewitness accounts it will

Accepted Answer

A)  make his testimony less accurate. 
B)  counteract the misinformation effect. 
C)  encourage him to be more accurate if the other eyewitnesses agree among themselves as to who the assailant was. 
D)  encourage him to be less accurate if the other eyewitnesses disagree among themselves as to who the assailant was. 
A)  make his testimony less accurate. 
B)  counteract the misinformation effect. 
C)  encourage him to be more accurate if the other eyewitnesses agree among themselves as to who the assailant was. 
D)  encourage him to be less accurate if the other eyewitnesses disagree among themselves as to who the assailant was. A

Question 2

The presence of a weapon reduces eyewitness accuracy because

Accepted Answer

A)  weapons interfere with the retrieval of events. 
B)  witnesses have less sympathy for someone holding a weapon. 
C)  the sight of a weapon causes witnesses to become more self-aware. 
D)  witnesses tend to focus attention on the weapon to the exclusion of other cues. 
A)  weapons interfere with the retrieval of events. 
B)  witnesses have less sympathy for someone holding a weapon. 
C)  the sight of a weapon causes witnesses to become more self-aware. 
D)  witnesses tend to focus attention on the weapon to the exclusion of other cues. D

Question 3

Claire, a district attorney, believes that elderly women are likely to be sympathetic to criminal defendants. She, therefore, summarily dismisses elderly prospective jurors during voir dire. This exemplifies the

Accepted Answer

A)  use of peremptory challenges. 
B)  advantages of scientific jury selection. 
C)  process of jury nullification. 
D)  power of informational influence. 
A)  use of peremptory challenges. 
B)  advantages of scientific jury selection. 
C)  process of jury nullification. 
D)  power of informational influence. A

Question 4

In a jury deliberation context, the "leniency bias" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  jurors' tendency to go easier on ingroup defendants versus outgroup defendants. 
B)  the impact of judicial instructions on jurors.. 
C)  the tendency of individual jurors to be more likely to vote guilty on their own than in a group. 
D)  the finding that judges are harsher on defendants than are juries. 
A)  jurors' tendency to go easier on ingroup defendants versus outgroup defendants. 
B)  the impact of judicial instructions on jurors.. 
C)  the tendency of individual jurors to be more likely to vote guilty on their own than in a group. 
D)  the finding that judges are harsher on defendants than are juries.

Question 5

A major problem with using the polygraph as a lie detector is that

Accepted Answer

A)  truthful persons often fail the test. 
B)  arousal cannot be measured with the polygraph. 
C)  it measures only the vocal channel, ignoring all other channels. 
D)  control questions do not evoke arousal in innocent people. 
A)  truthful persons often fail the test. 
B)  arousal cannot be measured with the polygraph. 
C)  it measures only the vocal channel, ignoring all other channels. 
D)  control questions do not evoke arousal in innocent people.

Question 6

Manisha witnesses a crime and is brought to the police station for an interview about what she saw. She is given a face construction booklet and asked to pick which of the 100 hairstyles looks most like the culprit's. Then she does the same for eyes, nose, mouth, ears, etc. Research suggests that this process is likely to lead Manisha to

Accepted Answer

A)  perform more accurately if she is shown a lineup including the culprit several days later. 
B)  perform less accurately if she is shown a lineup including the culprit several days later. 
C)  become more confident in her ability to identify the culprit. 
D)  become less confident in her ability to identify the culprit. 
A)  perform more accurately if she is shown a lineup including the culprit several days later. 
B)  perform less accurately if she is shown a lineup including the culprit several days later. 
C)  become more confident in her ability to identify the culprit. 
D)  become less confident in her ability to identify the culprit.

Question 7

The tendency for false post-event information to become integrated into a person's memory for the event is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  misinformation effect. 
B)  familiarity induced bias. 
C)  leniency bias. 
D)  positive coercion bias. 
A)  misinformation effect. 
B)  familiarity induced bias. 
C)  leniency bias. 
D)  positive coercion bias.

Question 8

Identify three structural factors that can affect the process and outcome of jury deliberations.

Accepted Answer

Among the several factors that can affec

Question 9

Research on race and jury decision making indicates that jurors are

Accepted Answer

A)  always more lenient towards defendants of their same race. 
B)  more likely to discriminate by race when race is a prominent issue during the trial. 
C)  not influenced by race when evidence in a case is strong. 
D)  None of these. 
A)  always more lenient towards defendants of their same race. 
B)  more likely to discriminate by race when race is a prominent issue during the trial. 
C)  not influenced by race when evidence in a case is strong. 
D)  None of these.

Question 10

Research suggests that small juries are more likely than large juries to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce non-unanimous decisions. 
B)  resist normative pressures within the group. 
C)  deliberate for a shorter period of time. 
D)  be representative of the larger population. 
A)  produce non-unanimous decisions. 
B)  resist normative pressures within the group. 
C)  deliberate for a shorter period of time. 
D)  be representative of the larger population.

Question 11

Jesse has just witnessed a brutal assault. In his highly aroused state, Jesse is likely to focus on all of the following except the

Accepted Answer

A)  weapon. 
B)  culprit. 
C)  setting. 
D)  victim. 
A)  weapon. 
B)  culprit. 
C)  setting. 
D)  victim.

Question 12

After a 36-hour interrogation, Liz just wanted to make it end so she confessed to the kidnapping even though she knew she had not committed the crime. Liz's confession would be labeled as

Accepted Answer

A)  internalized. 
B)  compliant. 
C)  reactive. 
D)  misinformed. 
A)  internalized. 
B)  compliant. 
C)  reactive. 
D)  misinformed.

Question 13

If there is a majority opinion in a jury's initial vote, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the deliberations will be marked by informational rather than normative influence. 
B)  the leniency bias is less likely to play a role in the final verdict delivered. 
C)  the ultimate verdict will usually be consistent with the vote taken during the orientation stage. 
D)  jury nullification becomes less likely to affect the outcome of the deliberations. 
A)  the deliberations will be marked by informational rather than normative influence. 
B)  the leniency bias is less likely to play a role in the final verdict delivered. 
C)  the ultimate verdict will usually be consistent with the vote taken during the orientation stage. 
D)  jury nullification becomes less likely to affect the outcome of the deliberations.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a reason why many psychologists believe that allowing smaller jury sizes is a bad idea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tension and interpersonal conflict are more likely in small groups as opposed to large ones. 
B)  Smaller juries are less representative of the communities from which they are drawn. 
C)  Smaller juries spend less time discussing the case. 
D)  It is harder for a dissenting juror to hold out for her position when she does not have a single ally. 
A)  Tension and interpersonal conflict are more likely in small groups as opposed to large ones. 
B)  Smaller juries are less representative of the communities from which they are drawn. 
C)  Smaller juries spend less time discussing the case. 
D)  It is harder for a dissenting juror to hold out for her position when she does not have a single ally.

Question 15

All of the following are potential explanations for the finding that jurors often fail to comply with a judge's instruction to disregard inadmissible evidence except

Accepted Answer

A)  they do not like being told what they can and cannot pay attention to. 
B)  the judge's instruction often draws greater attention to the evidence in question. 
C)  jurors are primarily motivated to reach the "right" decision. 
D)  judicial instructions do not make it clear precisely which information should be disregarded and which should not. 
A)  they do not like being told what they can and cannot pay attention to. 
B)  the judge's instruction often draws greater attention to the evidence in question. 
C)  jurors are primarily motivated to reach the "right" decision. 
D)  judicial instructions do not make it clear precisely which information should be disregarded and which should not.

Question 16

Tyson sits on a jury. Tyson is more likely to believe the defendant is guilty if

Accepted Answer

A)  Tyson has an authoritarian personality. 
B)  the defendant is of the same race as Tyson and the evidence is weak. 
C)  Tyson has principled objections to the death penalty. 
D)  Tyson is a young adult. 
A)  Tyson has an authoritarian personality. 
B)  the defendant is of the same race as Tyson and the evidence is weak. 
C)  Tyson has principled objections to the death penalty. 
D)  Tyson is a young adult.

Question 17

With respect to social influence processes in interrogations, internalization refers to the process in which

Accepted Answer

A)  innocent suspects come to believe that they have committed the crimes for which they are being interrogated. 
B)  suspects confess to crimes that they did not commit in order to escape aversive interrogations. 
C)  accused suspects are offered lighter sentences in exchange for important information. 
D)  juries are able to disregard confession testimony that was extracted through coercion. 
A)  innocent suspects come to believe that they have committed the crimes for which they are being interrogated. 
B)  suspects confess to crimes that they did not commit in order to escape aversive interrogations. 
C)  accused suspects are offered lighter sentences in exchange for important information. 
D)  juries are able to disregard confession testimony that was extracted through coercion.

Question 18

Litigants at trial may remove prospective jurors from their jury through the use of peremptory challenges. Traditionally, no explanation has to be given for the use of a peremptory, but within the past few decades the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that peremptories may not be based on a juror's...

Accepted Answer

A)  education level. 
B)  race. 
C)  physical appearance. 
D)  All of these 
A)  education level. 
B)  race. 
C)  physical appearance. 
D)  All of these

Question 19

Research by Sommers and Norton (2007) on the impact of race on the use of peremptory challenges indicates that attorneys

Accepted Answer

A)  are equally likely to remove from the jury Black and White individuals. 
B)  do not always give accurate explanations when asked to justify a peremptory challenge. 
C)  are impacted by prospective jurors' gender more so than their race. 
D)  are influenced by race moreso in civil trials as opposed to criminal trials. 
A)  are equally likely to remove from the jury Black and White individuals. 
B)  do not always give accurate explanations when asked to justify a peremptory challenge. 
C)  are impacted by prospective jurors' gender more so than their race. 
D)  are influenced by race moreso in civil trials as opposed to criminal trials.

Question 20

In a murder case involving a six-person jury, five of the jurors think the defendant is guilty and one thinks the defendant is not guilty. In another murder case involving a twelve-person jury, ten think the defendant is guilty and two think the defendant is not guilty. Based on Asch's research on conformity, and all other things being equal, what predictions can be made about the likelihood that the jurors in the minority in these two trials will resist the pressures exerted by those in the majority to change their verdicts?

Accepted Answer

A)  The minority in the smaller jury should be less likely to maintain his or her independence because the minority in the smaller jury has no allies in dissent. 
B)  The minority in the larger jury should be less likely to maintain their independence because the majority in the larger jury is comprised of more people. 
C)  Because the proportion of majority to minority jurors is equivalent in these two juries, the minorities should be equally likely to maintain their independence. 
D)  If the evidence in both cases is ambiguous, the minority in the smaller jury should be less likely to maintain his or her independence; but if the evidence in both cases is unambiguous, there should be no difference between the juries. 
A)  The minority in the smaller jury should be less likely to maintain his or her independence because the minority in the smaller jury has no allies in dissent. 
B)  The minority in the larger jury should be less likely to maintain their independence because the majority in the larger jury is comprised of more people. 
C)  Because the proportion of majority to minority jurors is equivalent in these two juries, the minorities should be equally likely to maintain their independence. 
D)  If the evidence in both cases is ambiguous, the minority in the smaller jury should be less likely to maintain his or her independence; but if the evidence in both cases is unambiguous, there should be no difference between the juries.

Kirk is going to be called to the witness stand to give his eyewitness testimony regarding a murder. It is likely that if Kirk first hears other eyewitness accounts it will

The presence of a weapon reduces eyewitness accuracy because

Claire, a district attorney, believes that elderly women are likely to be sympathetic to criminal defendants. She, therefore, summarily dismisses elderly prospective jurors during voir dire. This exemplifies the

In a jury deliberation context, the "leniency bias" refers to

A major problem with using the polygraph as a lie detector is that

The tendency for false post-event information to become integrated into a person's memory for the event is called the

Identify three structural factors that can affect the process and outcome of jury deliberations.

Research on race and jury decision making indicates that jurors are

Research suggests that small juries are more likely than large juries to

Jesse has just witnessed a brutal assault. In his highly aroused state, Jesse is likely to focus on all of the following except the

After a 36-hour interrogation, Liz just wanted to make it end so she confessed to the kidnapping even though she knew she had not committed the crime. Liz's confession would be labeled as

If there is a majority opinion in a jury's initial vote, then

Which of the following is not a reason why many psychologists believe that allowing smaller jury sizes is a bad idea?

All of the following are potential explanations for the finding that jurors often fail to comply with a judge's instruction to disregard inadmissible evidence except

Tyson sits on a jury. Tyson is more likely to believe the defendant is guilty if

With respect to social influence processes in interrogations, internalization refers to the process in which

Litigants at trial may remove prospective jurors from their jury through the use of peremptory challenges. Traditionally, no explanation has to be given for the use of a peremptory, but within the past few decades the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that peremptories may not be based on a juror's...

Research by Sommers and Norton (2007) on the impact of race on the use of peremptory challenges indicates that attorneys

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Business

Health

Filters

Exam 12: Law

Kirk is going to be called to the witness stand to give his eyewitness testimony regarding a murder. It is likely that if Kirk first hears other eyewitness accounts it will

The presence of a weapon reduces eyewitness accuracy because

Claire, a district attorney, believes that elderly women are likely to be sympathetic to criminal defendants. She, therefore, summarily dismisses elderly prospective jurors during voir dire. This exemplifies the

In a jury deliberation context, the "leniency bias" refers to

A major problem with using the polygraph as a lie detector is that

The tendency for false post-event information to become integrated into a person's memory for the event is called the

Identify three structural factors that can affect the process and outcome of jury deliberations.

Research on race and jury decision making indicates that jurors are

Research suggests that small juries are more likely than large juries to

Jesse has just witnessed a brutal assault. In his highly aroused state, Jesse is likely to focus on all of the following except the

After a 36-hour interrogation, Liz just wanted to make it end so she confessed to the kidnapping even though she knew she had not committed the crime. Liz's confession would be labeled as

If there is a majority opinion in a jury's initial vote, then

Which of the following is not a reason why many psychologists believe that allowing smaller jury sizes is a bad idea?

All of the following are potential explanations for the finding that jurors often fail to comply with a judge's instruction to disregard inadmissible evidence except

Tyson sits on a jury. Tyson is more likely to believe the defendant is guilty if

With respect to social influence processes in interrogations, internalization refers to the process in which

Litigants at trial may remove prospective jurors from their jury through the use of peremptory challenges. Traditionally, no explanation has to be given for the use of a peremptory, but within the past few decades the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that peremptories may not be based on a juror's...

Research by Sommers and Norton (2007) on the impact of race on the use of peremptory challenges indicates that attorneys

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Business

Health

Filters