Question 1

Concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement are used to measure

Accepted Answer

A) continuous choice behavior over time. 
B) choice behavior with commitment. 
C) partial reinforcement extinction effects. 
D) mechanisms of partial reinforcement extinction effects. 
A) continuous choice behavior over time. 
B) choice behavior with commitment. 
C) partial reinforcement extinction effects. 
D) mechanisms of partial reinforcement extinction effects. B

Question 2

In a study of self control, you predict that pigeons will be more likely to choose a small reward over a large reward if

Accepted Answer

A) there is a long delay for the small reward and a short delay for the large reward. 
B) there is a delay only for the small reward. 
C) there is a long delay for both the large and small reward. 
D) there is no delay for the small reward and a short delay for the large reward. 
A) there is a long delay for the small reward and a short delay for the large reward. 
B) there is a delay only for the small reward. 
C) there is a long delay for both the large and small reward. 
D) there is no delay for the small reward and a short delay for the large reward. D

Question 3

Your roommate is taking a self-paced course that requires three papers over the semester. He expected to finish all three papers in the first two weeks but, after quickly finishing the first paper three weeks ago, he has done nothing. This behavior pattern is due to

Accepted Answer

A) the partial reinforcement extinction effect. 
B) the post-reinforcement pause. 
C) the variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. 
D) the variable interval schedule of reinforcement. 
A) the partial reinforcement extinction effect. 
B) the post-reinforcement pause. 
C) the variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. 
D) the variable interval schedule of reinforcement. B

Question 4

How can self-control be conditioned? Provide an example of self-control training from common human experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can self-control be conditioned? Provide an...

Question 5

As a student of behavior, you have been presented with an interesting case study. A patient seems to have lost his ability to integrate positive and negative outcomes over multiple trials, and is therefore not modifying his behavioral habits. You suspect damage

Accepted Answer

A) in the amygdala. 
B) in the striatum and associated nuclei. 
C) in the orbitofrontal cortex. 
D) in the prefrontal cortex. 
A) in the amygdala. 
B) in the striatum and associated nuclei. 
C) in the orbitofrontal cortex. 
D) in the prefrontal cortex.

Question 6

If you wanted to ensure that your employees worked at high steady rate, on what schedule of reinforcement would you reward them? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you wanted to ensure that your...

Question 7

What is a reward discounting function and how is it related to the problem of self control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a reward discounting function and...

Question 8

For 30 ten-minute trials, a rat received a food pellet every other lever press. This rat was on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) variable ratio 
A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) variable ratio

Question 9

A subject that has mostly short inter-response times is responding at a

Accepted Answer

A) high rate. 
B) low rate. 
C) fixed interval rate. 
D) variable interval rate. 
A) high rate. 
B) low rate. 
C) fixed interval rate. 
D) variable interval rate.

Question 10

Your hamster presses a lever that came with its cage. After 4 presses, a food pellet is delivered; then after 6 presses another; then after 2 presses another. Based on this pattern of reinforcement you suspect that the lever was programmed with a

Accepted Answer

A) FR 4 schedule 
B) VR 4 schedule 
C) FI 4 min schedule 
D) VI 4 min schedule 
A) FR 4 schedule 
B) VR 4 schedule 
C) FI 4 min schedule 
D) VI 4 min schedule

Question 11

According to the hyperbolic decay function of value discounting, when the reinforcer is delayed the value of the reinforcer

Accepted Answer

A) remains unchanged. 
B) decreases. 
C) increases. 
D) It is impossible to tell, given this information. 
A) remains unchanged. 
B) decreases. 
C) increases. 
D) It is impossible to tell, given this information.

Question 12

A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is used to investigate

Accepted Answer

A) PREE. 
B) choice behavior. 
C) frustrative aggression. 
D) frustration theory. 
A) PREE. 
B) choice behavior. 
C) frustrative aggression. 
D) frustration theory.

Question 13

If an experimenter wanted to explore the conditions under which animals prefer unpredictable reinforcement schedules to predictable reinforcement schedules, the experimenter would use

Accepted Answer

A) concurrent schedules of reinforcement. 
B) molar maximizing theories. 
C) concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement. 
D) molecular maximizing theories. 
A) concurrent schedules of reinforcement. 
B) molar maximizing theories. 
C) concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement. 
D) molecular maximizing theories.

Question 14

With regard to instrumental conditioning, the amygdala appears to

Accepted Answer

A) provide an index of reward magnitude. 
B) integrate positive and negative outcomes. 
C) send a go or no-go signal to execute a response. 
D) none of the above 
A) provide an index of reward magnitude. 
B) integrate positive and negative outcomes. 
C) send a go or no-go signal to execute a response. 
D) none of the above

Question 15

You notice that the pigeon in the laboratory you just entered has a particular way of pecking at the key in its cage. The pigeon seems to increase its rate of pecking towards the end of a two minute period, food is made available, and then pecking slows until the end of the next two minutes. You surmise that the pigeon is on a

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio schedule. 
B) variable ratio schedule. 
C) fixed interval schedule. 
D) variable interval schedule. 
A) fixed ratio schedule. 
B) variable ratio schedule. 
C) fixed interval schedule. 
D) variable interval schedule.

Question 16

According to molecular maximizing theories of matching,

Accepted Answer

A) organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time. 
B) organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run. 
C) the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular response. 
D) matching is possible in the absence of momentary maximizing. 
A) organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time. 
B) organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run. 
C) the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular response. 
D) matching is possible in the absence of momentary maximizing.

Question 17

If pecking at key "A" results in reinforcement with a highly desirable reinforcer with a relative rate of reinforcement of 0.5, and pecking at key "B" occurs with a relative response rate of 0.2, you conclude

Accepted Answer

A) there is a response bias for the reinforcer provided by key "B." 
B) there is a response bias for the reinforcer provided by key "A." 
C) there are necessarily other response keys. 
D) the generalized form of the matching law is incorrect. 
A) there is a response bias for the reinforcer provided by key "B." 
B) there is a response bias for the reinforcer provided by key "A." 
C) there are necessarily other response keys. 
D) the generalized form of the matching law is incorrect.

Question 18

Describe various theoretical explanations of the matching law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe various theoretical explanations of the matching...

Question 19

The difference between molar and molecular theories of matching is that

Accepted Answer

A) molar theories focus on the response alternative most likely to be reinforced at that time, while molecular theories focus on individual choice responses. 
B) molecular theories focus on the response alternative most likely to be reinforced at that time, while molar theories focus on individual choice responses. 
C) molar theories focus on aggregates of behavior over a period of time, while molecular theories focus on individual choice responses. 
D) molecular theories focus on aggregates of behavior over a period of time, while molar theories focus on individual choice responses. 
A) molar theories focus on the response alternative most likely to be reinforced at that time, while molecular theories focus on individual choice responses. 
B) molecular theories focus on the response alternative most likely to be reinforced at that time, while molar theories focus on individual choice responses. 
C) molar theories focus on aggregates of behavior over a period of time, while molecular theories focus on individual choice responses. 
D) molecular theories focus on aggregates of behavior over a period of time, while molar theories focus on individual choice responses.

Question 20

The relative rate of responding on key "A" is determined by the equation _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Ra - Rb 
B) Rb\Ra 
C) Ra\(Ra + Rb) 
D) Ra\(Ra - Rb) 
A) Ra - Rb 
B) Rb\Ra 
C) Ra\(Ra + Rb) 
D) Ra\(Ra - Rb)

Concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement are used to measure

In a study of self control, you predict that pigeons will be more likely to choose a small reward over a large reward if

Your roommate is taking a self-paced course that requires three papers over the semester. He expected to finish all three papers in the first two weeks but, after quickly finishing the first paper three weeks ago, he has done nothing. This behavior pattern is due to

How can self-control be conditioned? Provide an example of self-control training from common human experience.

As a student of behavior, you have been presented with an interesting case study. A patient seems to have lost his ability to integrate positive and negative outcomes over multiple trials, and is therefore not modifying his behavioral habits. You suspect damage

If you wanted to ensure that your employees worked at high steady rate, on what schedule of reinforcement would you reward them? Why?

What is a reward discounting function and how is it related to the problem of self control?

For 30 ten-minute trials, a rat received a food pellet every other lever press. This rat was on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

A subject that has mostly short inter-response times is responding at a

Your hamster presses a lever that came with its cage. After 4 presses, a food pellet is delivered; then after 6 presses another; then after 2 presses another. Based on this pattern of reinforcement you suspect that the lever was programmed with a

According to the hyperbolic decay function of value discounting, when the reinforcer is delayed the value of the reinforcer

A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is used to investigate

If an experimenter wanted to explore the conditions under which animals prefer unpredictable reinforcement schedules to predictable reinforcement schedules, the experimenter would use

With regard to instrumental conditioning, the amygdala appears to

According to molecular maximizing theories of matching,

If pecking at key "A" results in reinforcement with a highly desirable reinforcer with a relative rate of reinforcement of 0.5, and pecking at key "B" occurs with a relative response rate of 0.2, you conclude

Describe various theoretical explanations of the matching law.

The difference between molar and molecular theories of matching is that

The relative rate of responding on key "A" is determined by the equation _____.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters

Exam 6: Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement are used to measure

In a study of self control, you predict that pigeons will be more likely to choose a small reward over a large reward if

Your roommate is taking a self-paced course that requires three papers over the semester. He expected to finish all three papers in the first two weeks but, after quickly finishing the first paper three weeks ago, he has done nothing. This behavior pattern is due to

How can self-control be conditioned? Provide an example of self-control training from common human experience.

As a student of behavior, you have been presented with an interesting case study. A patient seems to have lost his ability to integrate positive and negative outcomes over multiple trials, and is therefore not modifying his behavioral habits. You suspect damage

If you wanted to ensure that your employees worked at high steady rate, on what schedule of reinforcement would you reward them? Why?

What is a reward discounting function and how is it related to the problem of self control?

For 30 ten-minute trials, a rat received a food pellet every other lever press. This rat was on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

A subject that has mostly short inter-response times is responding at a

Your hamster presses a lever that came with its cage. After 4 presses, a food pellet is delivered; then after 6 presses another; then after 2 presses another. Based on this pattern of reinforcement you suspect that the lever was programmed with a

According to the hyperbolic decay function of value discounting, when the reinforcer is delayed the value of the reinforcer

A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is used to investigate

If an experimenter wanted to explore the conditions under which animals prefer unpredictable reinforcement schedules to predictable reinforcement schedules, the experimenter would use

With regard to instrumental conditioning, the amygdala appears to

According to molecular maximizing theories of matching,

If pecking at key "A" results in reinforcement with a highly desirable reinforcer with a relative rate of reinforcement of 0.5, and pecking at key "B" occurs with a relative response rate of 0.2, you conclude

Describe various theoretical explanations of the matching law.

The difference between molar and molecular theories of matching is that

The relative rate of responding on key "A" is determined by the equation _____.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters