Question 1

The orbitofrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

A) lies within the prefrontal cortex. 
B) seems to provide executive control in weighing values of alternative choices. 
C) has connections with the amygdala and striatum. 
D) all of the above 
A) lies within the prefrontal cortex. 
B) seems to provide executive control in weighing values of alternative choices. 
C) has connections with the amygdala and striatum. 
D) all of the above

Question 2

When considering the feedback function of a fixed interval schedule, which of the following is true for a given period?

Accepted Answer

A) there is an upper limit on the number of reinforcers a subject can earn. 
B) there is no limit to the number of reinforcers a subject can learn; more responses = more reinforcers. 
C) depending on how the subject responds, it may have a limit or may not have a limit on its number or reinforcers. 
D) it is impossible to determine any of the above. 
A) there is an upper limit on the number of reinforcers a subject can earn. 
B) there is no limit to the number of reinforcers a subject can learn; more responses = more reinforcers. 
C) depending on how the subject responds, it may have a limit or may not have a limit on its number or reinforcers. 
D) it is impossible to determine any of the above.

Question 3

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed interval schedule?

Accepted Answer

A) delivering the mail 
B) pulling the arm of a slot machine 
C) checking the refrigerator to see if the jelly is done 
D) flipping burgers for $5.00 an hour 
A) delivering the mail 
B) pulling the arm of a slot machine 
C) checking the refrigerator to see if the jelly is done 
D) flipping burgers for $5.00 an hour

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct way to express the value discounting function mathematically?

Accepted Answer

A) V = M\(1 + k 
D)  
B) M = V\(1 - k 
D)  
C) K = M\(1 - V 
D)  
D) D = V\(1 + k M) 
A) V = M\(1 + k 
D)  
B) M = V\(1 - k 
D)  
C) K = M\(1 - V 
D)  
D) D = V\(1 + k M)

Question 5

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) a clerk at a fast food restaurant 
B) a gambler 
C) a mail delivery person 
D) a waiter 
A) a clerk at a fast food restaurant 
B) a gambler 
C) a mail delivery person 
D) a waiter

Question 6

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a variable ratio schedule?

Accepted Answer

A) delivering the mail 
B) pulling the arm of a slot machine 
C) checking a washing machine to see if the clothes are done 
D) flipping burgers for $5.00 an hour 
A) delivering the mail 
B) pulling the arm of a slot machine 
C) checking a washing machine to see if the clothes are done 
D) flipping burgers for $5.00 an hour

Question 7

How have studies of self-control informed us about other important aspects of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How have studies of self-control informed us...

Question 8

People addicted to heroin are likely to show_____ when compared to non-addicted individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) a steep reward discounting function 
B) a more shallow reward discounting function 
C) a discounting function with more peaks 
D) a discounting function with fewer peaks 
A) a steep reward discounting function 
B) a more shallow reward discounting function 
C) a discounting function with more peaks 
D) a discounting function with fewer peaks

Question 9

The best evidence from studies of self control suggests

Accepted Answer

A) that self control is quite stable and likely due almost entirely to genetic influences. 
B) that self control may be weakly trainable, but this variability has little effect on behavior. 
C) that self control can be trained and may be a critical component of emotional adjustment. 
D) that self control is rather overrated and has little influence on behavioral outcome. 
A) that self control is quite stable and likely due almost entirely to genetic influences. 
B) that self control may be weakly trainable, but this variability has little effect on behavior. 
C) that self control can be trained and may be a critical component of emotional adjustment. 
D) that self control is rather overrated and has little influence on behavioral outcome.

Question 10

A concurrent schedule is typically used to examine choice behavior in

Accepted Answer

A) a T-maze. 
B) an eight arm radial maze. 
C) a Skinner box with one manipulandum. 
D) a Skinner box with two manipulanda. 
A) a T-maze. 
B) an eight arm radial maze. 
C) a Skinner box with one manipulandum. 
D) a Skinner box with two manipulanda.

Question 11

If you want to increase the self control of your little sibling you might

Accepted Answer

A) give a large reward initially, then gradually increase the delay to reward delivery. 
B) distract your sibling with an intervening task during a delay to a large reward. 
C) distract your sibling from the attending to a large reward during the delay period. 
D) any or all of the above. 
A) give a large reward initially, then gradually increase the delay to reward delivery. 
B) distract your sibling with an intervening task during a delay to a large reward. 
C) distract your sibling from the attending to a large reward during the delay period. 
D) any or all of the above.

Question 12

A cumulative recorder marks a scalloped pattern of responding when subjects are on a

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio schedule. 
B) fixed interval schedule. 
C) variable ratio schedule. 
D) variable interval schedule. 
A) fixed ratio schedule. 
B) fixed interval schedule. 
C) variable ratio schedule. 
D) variable interval schedule.

Question 13

When waiting for a small reward versus waiting for a larger reward,

Accepted Answer

A) the value of the small reward decreases, while the value of the large reward remains largely unchanged. 
B) the value of the large reward decreases, while the value of the small reward increases to meet it. 
C) the value of the small reward increases, while the value of the large reward remains largely unchanged. 
D) the values of both rewards decrease. 
A) the value of the small reward decreases, while the value of the large reward remains largely unchanged. 
B) the value of the large reward decreases, while the value of the small reward increases to meet it. 
C) the value of the small reward increases, while the value of the large reward remains largely unchanged. 
D) the values of both rewards decrease.

Question 14

Describe how concurrent schedules are designed and what are the typical findings with concurrent schedules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how concurrent schedules are designed and...

Question 15

According to the hyperbolic decay function of value discounting, when the delay is 2, the value of the reinforcer is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 2 k 
C) M\(1 + 2 k ) 
D) 2M\(1 + k ) 
A) 2 
B) 2 k 
C) M\(1 + 2 k ) 
D) 2M\(1 + k )

Question 16

According to melioration theories of matching,

Accepted Answer

A) organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time. 
B) organisms focus on aggregates of responses between two keys over a time period. 
C) the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular behavior. 
D) organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run. 
A) organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time. 
B) organisms focus on aggregates of responses between two keys over a time period. 
C) the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular behavior. 
D) organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run.

Question 17

What does the matching law allow us to predict? How can the law be used to determine relative reinforcer values?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the matching law allow us...

Question 18

A hungry pigeon is in a Skinner box and is pecking a key for access to food. The first food delivery occurs for the first peck after 1 minute has elapsed. The second occurs for the first peck after 3 minutes has elapsed. The third food delivery occurs for the first peck after 2 minutes has elapsed. All other pecks went unrewarded, but the pigeon did not receive access to food unless it pecked the key. The pigeon is most likely on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) FR 
B) VR 
C) FI 
D) VI 
A) FR 
B) VR 
C) FI 
D) VI

Question 19

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule?

Accepted Answer

A) climbing a flight of stairs 
B) pulling the arm of a slot machine 
C) checking a washing machine to see if the clothes are done 
D) checking the oven to see if the cake is done 
A) climbing a flight of stairs 
B) pulling the arm of a slot machine 
C) checking a washing machine to see if the clothes are done 
D) checking the oven to see if the cake is done

Question 20

If a ratio requirement is increased from an FR 100 schedule to an FR 500 schedule, the subject will often pause periodically before completion of the ratio requirement. These pauses are due to

Accepted Answer

A) the post-reinforcement pause. 
B) the ratio strain. 
C) the ratio run. 
D) the interval scallop. 
A) the post-reinforcement pause. 
B) the ratio strain. 
C) the ratio run. 
D) the interval scallop.

The orbitofrontal cortex

When considering the feedback function of a fixed interval schedule, which of the following is true for a given period?

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed interval schedule?

Which of the following is the correct way to express the value discounting function mathematically?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a variable ratio schedule?

How have studies of self-control informed us about other important aspects of human behavior?

People addicted to heroin are likely to show_____ when compared to non-addicted individuals.

The best evidence from studies of self control suggests

A concurrent schedule is typically used to examine choice behavior in

If you want to increase the self control of your little sibling you might

A cumulative recorder marks a scalloped pattern of responding when subjects are on a

When waiting for a small reward versus waiting for a larger reward,

Describe how concurrent schedules are designed and what are the typical findings with concurrent schedules.

According to the hyperbolic decay function of value discounting, when the delay is 2, the value of the reinforcer is _____.

According to melioration theories of matching,

What does the matching law allow us to predict? How can the law be used to determine relative reinforcer values?

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule?

If a ratio requirement is increased from an FR 100 schedule to an FR 500 schedule, the subject will often pause periodically before completion of the ratio requirement. These pauses are due to

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters

Exam 6: Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

The orbitofrontal cortex

When considering the feedback function of a fixed interval schedule, which of the following is true for a given period?

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed interval schedule?

Which of the following is the correct way to express the value discounting function mathematically?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a variable ratio schedule?

How have studies of self-control informed us about other important aspects of human behavior?

People addicted to heroin are likely to show_____ when compared to non-addicted individuals.

The best evidence from studies of self control suggests

A concurrent schedule is typically used to examine choice behavior in

If you want to increase the self control of your little sibling you might

A cumulative recorder marks a scalloped pattern of responding when subjects are on a

When waiting for a small reward versus waiting for a larger reward,

Describe how concurrent schedules are designed and what are the typical findings with concurrent schedules.

According to the hyperbolic decay function of value discounting, when the delay is 2, the value of the reinforcer is _____.

According to melioration theories of matching,

What does the matching law allow us to predict? How can the law be used to determine relative reinforcer values?

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule?

If a ratio requirement is increased from an FR 100 schedule to an FR 500 schedule, the subject will often pause periodically before completion of the ratio requirement. These pauses are due to

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters