Exam 8: Process

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Do you know what happens when you fall asleep? (2) After studying brain-wave patterns, neuroscientists identified five distinct stages of human sleep. (3) In stage one, you feel drowsy and your muscles begin to relax. (4) This stage ⎯ between waking and sleep ⎯ only lasts five to ten minutes. (5) During the second stage, you experience light sleep. (6) Your heart rate, brain activity, and breathing slow down, and your body temperature decreases. (7) In the third stage, you transition between light sleep and the fourth stage of deep sleep. (8) It is during stages three and four, which are known as slow-wave sleep, that your body rests, replenishes its energy, and repairs itself. (9) Finally, about 90 minutes after you first fall asleep, the fifth stage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs. (10) Your brain is very active, but your muscles are paralyzed. (11) During REM sleep, you dream. (12) Throughout an average night, you move constantly from one stage to another in recurring cycles. (13) These sleep cycles last about 70 to 90 minutes and are repeated four or five times a night. (14) While you do not go through all five stages of sleep consecutively, you will experience each stage at least once during a full sleep cycle. Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) You are sitting in a restaurant quietly having a meal when suddenly a man nearby starts choking on a piece of food lodged in his throat. (2) By using the Heimlich maneuver, you may be able to save this person's life. (3) Your two hands are all you need to perform this lifesaving technique. (4) First, position yourself behind the choking person. (5) Then wrap your arms around the person's midsection, being careful not to apply any pressure to the chest or stomach. (6) Once your arms are around the victim, clench one hand into a fist and cup this fist in the other hand. (7) Now turn the fist so that the clenched thumb points toward the spot between the choker's navel and midsection. (8) Finally, thrust inward at this spot using a quick, sharp motion. (9) If this motion does not dislodge the food, repeat it until the victim can breathe freely. Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plans are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. Krispy Kreme glazed doughnuts are made in an amazing assembly line process. ____ After spending 15 minutes in the proof box, the puffed-up dough is taken by conveyor belts to the fryer, where it's cooked in oil. ____ The doughnuts come out of the oil, cool on a conveyor belt, and pass through a waterfall of sugary liquid to get their glaze coating. ____ The rings of uncooked dough are delivered via conveyor belt to the proof box, a tall glass case where the doughnuts are surrounded with low heat and humidity to activate the yeast. ____ After one side of the doughnuts is cooked to a perfect golden brown, a machine flips them over to cook their other side. ____ Bakers mix the ingredients to form batter and then pour that batter into a machine called a hopper. ____ The dough goes from the hopper to a machine that shapes it into small rings.

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plans are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. To mend a broken heart, follow these steps. ____ By the end of the first week, you should be distracting yourself with positive activities such as spending time with friends and making lists of things you want to accomplish. ____ Communicating your feelings will help you feel better, so call a supportive friend or family member on the second day. ____ On the first day after your break-up, give yourself permission to mourn your loss by calling in sick to work, eating anything you want, and crying. ____ After the first week and throughout the months to come, remember that healing takes time, and continue doing things that will help you build your self-confidence. ____ Force yourself to go out on the third day; taking a walk, going out for coffee, or exercising will improve your mood.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Anyone can conquer clutter by following a series of steps. (2) First of all, pick just one area on which to focus your attention. (3) This might be a shelf, a closet, or even just one drawer. (4) Second, round up some bags or boxes and label them so that you have one of each of the following: Repair , Relocate , Donate , Sell , Store , Throw Away , and Return . (5) Next, sort all of the items in the area by placing them in one of the bags or boxes, depending on what needs to happen to it. (6) Then, take action on each pile. (7) Put Repair , Donate , and Return items in your car so that you can drop them off on your next errand run; take the items in the Relocate box to the places where they belong; toss out the Throw Away items; and so on. (8) Finally, clean your newly decluttered area and give yourself a reward for a job well done! Which of the following sentences does NOT contain a transitional expression that indicates time?

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plans are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. The U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing's procedure for making paper currency combines human talent with the precision and speed of modern machinery. ____ Finally, machines slice the pages into notes and band them into stacks for distribution to banks. ____ First, engravers hand-cut the design for a bill on a piece of soft steel known as the master-die. ____ Sheets of paper are then fed into this printing press, where they are stamped with ink under heavy pressure. ____ Next, the master-die is heated and subjected to tremendous pressure to transfer its impression to a plate that goes into a high-speed printing press. ____ Workers carefully examine each stack of printed sheets, and those without defects are fed into a second printing press to be printed with seals and serial numbers.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Do you know what happens when you fall asleep? (2) After studying brain-wave patterns, neuroscientists identified five distinct stages of human sleep. (3) In stage one, you feel drowsy and your muscles begin to relax. (4) This stage ⎯ between waking and sleep ⎯ only lasts five to ten minutes. (5) During the second stage, you experience light sleep. (6) Your heart rate, brain activity, and breathing slow down, and your body temperature decreases. (7) In the third stage, you transition between light sleep and the fourth stage of deep sleep. (8) It is during stages three and four, which are known as slow-wave sleep, that your body rests, replenishes its energy, and repairs itself. (9) Finally, about 90 minutes after you first fall asleep, the fifth stage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs. (10) Your brain is very active, but your muscles are paralyzed. (11) During REM sleep, you dream. (12) Throughout an average night, you move constantly from one stage to another in recurring cycles. (13) These sleep cycles last about 70 to 90 minutes and are repeated four or five times a night. (14) While you do not go through all five stages of sleep consecutively, you will experience each stage at least once during a full sleep cycle. Which of the following sentences does NOT include a transitional expression that locates the stages of the process in time?

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) The staff at the Shoe Barn is trained to use a very effective customer service procedure. (2) When a customer enters the store, a nearby salesperson first greets that person by saying, "Hello, welcome to Shoe Barn." (3) Second, the salesperson asks the customer, "Can I help you find something today?" (4) Third, the employee listens carefully to the customer's description of the shoes he or she is looking for and leads the customer to the appropriate part of the store. (5) While helping the customer find what he or she needs, the salesperson also describes that day's specials and sales. (6) Finally, when the customer is ready to purchase an item or leave the store, the salesperson smiles and says, "Thank you for shopping at Shoe Barn!" Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Learning to make a budget is the key to managing your hard-earned money. (2) First, select your budget period, usually a week or a month. (3) Second, estimate your income for that time period as accurately as you can. (4) Include not only your salary after payroll deductions, but the least you expect to make from other sources, such as tips, bonuses, and commissions. (5) Third, add up all your expenses for the budget period. (6) Be sure to add in your fixed costs ⎯ like rent, utilities, tuition, and taxes ⎯ as well as savings. (7) Also include your variable expenses. (8) The most difficult ones to estimate, variable expenses include all your nonfixed living costs, from money for food and transportation to planned events like vacations and less predictable ones like medical and home repair bills. (9) Fourth, subtract your expenses from your income to see whether you need to adjust your budget. (10) If your expenses are greater than your income, look for ways to cut costs ⎯ for example, on clothing. (11) If your income is greater than your expenses, you have the luxury of splurging or saving extra money for that car or trip you have always wanted. Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Just as growing children develop physically in stages, they also progress through stages of moral development. (2) Devised by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, the stages describe the moral reasoning that guides decision-making. (3) The earliest stage Kohlberg called "pre-conventional." (4) Here, children base their moral decisions on the outcome of a choice. (5) In other words, something is right or wrong depending on whether they will be punished or praised for doing it. (6) The next level is called the "conventional" stage because people at this level base their moral judgments on the conventions of society. (7) Something is right during this stage if most people agree that it is right. (8) Many people do not pass beyond the conventional level of moral reasoning. (9) Those who do have arrived at what Kohlberg termed the "post-conventional" level, a stage at which people base their moral decisions on personal beliefs. (10) People with such convictions will do what they consider is right even if it contradicts social rules or comes with negative consequences. Which of the following sentences in the paragraph contains a transitional expression that indicates time?

Each question below is a topic sentence followed by supporting details. The steps in each set are not in correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that arranges each group of details according to the proper time sequence. Changing a baby's diaper is easy. ____ Next, use a baby wipe to clean the baby's bottom. ____ First, lay the baby on a changing table and secure the safety strap around the child's waist. ____ After strapping the baby down, remove the dirty diaper, roll it up, and throw it away. ____ Finally, place a fresh diaper underneath the baby's bottom, pull up the sticky tabs on each side, and fasten them firmly.

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plans are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. My morning routine gets me out of the house in twenty minutes. ____ While toweling off, I decide what I will wear and think of everything I need for the day. ____ I eat breakfast in bits while dressing and packing my backpack. ____ Next I race to the kitchen to make breakfast and feed the cats. ____ I dash to the bathroom where brushing my teeth, shaving, and showering follow one another so quickly they are like one step. ____ I awake at 6:30 a.m.

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for each plan are not in the correct chronological order. For each plan, select the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. Because turtles are cold-blooded animals, they hibernate during the winter. ____ After finding the right place, they dig their winter home, bury themselves in the mud, and fall into a deep sleep. ____ As the weather begins to turn cold, turtles begin to seek a spot in the mud near a pond to spend the winter. ____ With the onset of spring, the ice on the pond melts and the thawing mud awakens these buried creatures to new life. ____ Throughout the winter, as they sleep, their metabolism remains low.

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for each plan are not in the correct chronological order. For each plan, select the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. Traveling with a pet without stressing the animal requires thoughtful preparation. ____ For three or four days, leave the carrier plus blanket or toy in a spot where your pet can go in and out. ____ On the day of the trip, you might put a cookie or treat in the carrier as you and your pet set off on your adventure. ____ First, carefully evaluate pet carriers to find the right size, neither so small the animal cannot sit comfortably nor so large it might bounce around. ____ When your pet is used to going in and out of the carrier, allow the animal to sleep in it to develop a positive association. ____ After bringing the new carrier home, place your pet's favorite blanket or soft toy in the carrier to enhance your pet's feeling of security.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Just as growing children develop physically in stages, they also progress through stages of moral development. (2) Devised by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, the stages describe the moral reasoning that guides decision-making. (3) The earliest stage Kohlberg called "pre-conventional." (4) Here, children base their moral decisions on the outcome of a choice. (5) In other words, something is right or wrong depending on whether they will be punished or praised for doing it. (6) The next level is called the "conventional" stage because people at this level base their moral judgments on the conventions of society. (7) Something is right during this stage if most people agree that it is right. (8) Many people do not pass beyond the conventional level of moral reasoning. (9) Those who do have arrived at what Kohlberg termed the "post-conventional" level, a stage at which people base their moral decisions on personal beliefs. (10) People with such convictions will do what they consider is right even if it contradicts social rules or comes with negative consequences. How many stages are in the process?

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) You are sitting in a restaurant quietly having a meal when suddenly a man nearby starts choking on a piece of food lodged in his throat. (2) By using the Heimlich maneuver, you may be able to save this person's life. (3) Your two hands are all you need to perform this lifesaving technique. (4) First, position yourself behind the choking person. (5) Then wrap your arms around the person's midsection, being careful not to apply any pressure to the chest or stomach. (6) Once your arms are around the victim, clench one hand into a fist and cup this fist in the other hand. (7) Now turn the fist so that the clenched thumb points toward the spot between the choker's navel and midsection. (8) Finally, thrust inward at this spot using a quick, sharp motion. (9) If this motion does not dislodge the food, repeat it until the victim can breathe freely. Which of the following is not a transitional expression in the paragraph above?

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Anyone can conquer clutter by following a series of steps. (2) First of all, pick just one area on which to focus your attention. (3) This might be a shelf, a closet, or even just one drawer. (4) Second, round up some bags or boxes and label them so that you have one of each of the following: Repair , Relocate , Donate , Sell , Store , Throw Away , and Return . (5) Next, sort all of the items in the area by placing them in one of the bags or boxes, depending on what needs to happen to it. (6) Then, take action on each pile. (7) Put Repair , Donate , and Return items in your car so that you can drop them off on your next errand run; take the items in the Relocate box to the places where they belong; toss out the Throw Away items; and so on. (8) Finally, clean your newly decluttered area and give yourself a reward for a job well done! How many steps are in the process?

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plans are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. Ted learned business skills in stages throughout his life. ____ He took several sales and marketing courses in college. ____ As a child after school, he watched his parents run their candy shop. ____ Finally, he opened his own T-shirt store in the mall after his graduation from college. ____ In high school, he spent afternoons selling shoes at his uncle's store. ____ In his senior year of high school, Ted made excellent money selling health products out of his home.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Anyone can conquer clutter by following a series of steps. (2) First of all, pick just one area on which to focus your attention. (3) This might be a shelf, a closet, or even just one drawer. (4) Second, round up some bags or boxes and label them so that you have one of each of the following: Repair , Relocate , Donate , Sell , Store , Throw Away , and Return . (5) Next, sort all of the items in the area by placing them in one of the bags or boxes, depending on what needs to happen to it. (6) Then, take action on each pile. (7) Put Repair , Donate , and Return items in your car so that you can drop them off on your next errand run; take the items in the Relocate box to the places where they belong; toss out the Throw Away items; and so on. (8) Finally, clean your newly decluttered area and give yourself a reward for a job well done! Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) You are sitting in a restaurant quietly having a meal when suddenly a man nearby starts choking on a piece of food lodged in his throat. (2) By using the Heimlich maneuver, you may be able to save this person's life. (3) Your two hands are all you need to perform this lifesaving technique. (4) First, position yourself behind the choking person. (5) Then wrap your arms around the person's midsection, being careful not to apply any pressure to the chest or stomach. (6) Once your arms are around the victim, clench one hand into a fist and cup this fist in the other hand. (7) Now turn the fist so that the clenched thumb points toward the spot between the choker's navel and midsection. (8) Finally, thrust inward at this spot using a quick, sharp motion. (9) If this motion does not dislodge the food, repeat it until the victim can breathe freely. How many steps are in the process?