Exam 8: Process

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Learning to make a budget is the key to managing your hard-earned money. (2) First, select your budget period, usually a week or a month. (3) Second, estimate your income for that time period as accurately as you can. (4) Include not only your salary after payroll deductions, but the least you expect to make from other sources, such as tips, bonuses, and commissions. (5) Third, add up all your expenses for the budget period. (6) Be sure to add in your fixed costs ⎯ like rent, utilities, tuition, and taxes ⎯ as well as savings. (7) Also include your variable expenses. (8) The most difficult ones to estimate, variable expenses include all your nonfixed living costs, from money for food and transportation to planned events like vacations and less predictable ones like medical and home repair bills. (9) Fourth, subtract your expenses from your income to see whether you need to adjust your budget. (10) If your expenses are greater than your income, look for ways to cut costs ⎯ for example, on clothing. (11) If your income is greater than your expenses, you have the luxury of splurging or saving extra money for that car or trip you have always wanted. How many steps are in the process?

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) The staff at the Shoe Barn is trained to use a very effective customer service procedure. (2) When a customer enters the store, a nearby salesperson first greets that person by saying, "Hello, welcome to Shoe Barn." (3) Second, the salesperson asks the customer, "Can I help you find something today?" (4) Third, the employee listens carefully to the customer's description of the shoes he or she is looking for and leads the customer to the appropriate part of the store. (5) While helping the customer find what he or she needs, the salesperson also describes that day's specials and sales. (6) Finally, when the customer is ready to purchase an item or leave the store, the salesperson smiles and says, "Thank you for shopping at Shoe Barn!" How many steps are in the process?

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Do you know what happens when you fall asleep? (2) After studying brain-wave patterns, neuroscientists identified five distinct stages of human sleep. (3) In stage one, you feel drowsy and your muscles begin to relax. (4) This stage ⎯ between waking and sleep ⎯ only lasts five to ten minutes. (5) During the second stage, you experience light sleep. (6) Your heart rate, brain activity, and breathing slow down, and your body temperature decreases. (7) In the third stage, you transition between light sleep and the fourth stage of deep sleep. (8) It is during stages three and four, which are known as slow-wave sleep, that your body rests, replenishes its energy, and repairs itself. (9) Finally, about 90 minutes after you first fall asleep, the fifth stage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs. (10) Your brain is very active, but your muscles are paralyzed. (11) During REM sleep, you dream. (12) Throughout an average night, you move constantly from one stage to another in recurring cycles. (13) These sleep cycles last about 70 to 90 minutes and are repeated four or five times a night. (14) While you do not go through all five stages of sleep consecutively, you will experience each stage at least once during a full sleep cycle. How many stages are in the process?

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plans are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. A vehicle's airbag saves lives by instantly inflating at the moment a collision takes place. ____ Tiny holes in the bag allow the gas to escape so that the bag will deflate and the vehicle's occupants can move. ____ The sensors then ignite rapidly, burning chemicals that create a large volume of gas to fill the thin, nylon bag. ____ When the vehicle collides with something, sensors register the impact. ____ The gas-filled bag bursts from its storage site to cushion the vehicle's occupants against the impact.

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plans are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. A fax machine sends copies of written or printed material by means of telephone lines. ____ Finally, the machine receiving the copy reconverts the images and prints them on paper. ____ Second, the user dials the telephone number of the machine that is to receive the material. ____ First, the user puts a document in the machine. ____ Third, the fax machine converts the images on the document into codes that travel through the telephone lines.

Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plans are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. To properly use a fire extinguisher, use the PASS (pull-aim-squeeze-sweep) procedure. ____ Next, squeeze the handle to release the substance inside the fire extinguisher. ____ First of all, hold the fire extinguisher upright, remove the plastic tie from the handle, and pull out the pin. ____ Finally, sweep the extinguisher from side to side until the fire goes out. ____ Then, continuing to keep the extinguisher upright, aim the nozzle at the base of the blaze.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Learning to make a budget is the key to managing your hard-earned money. (2) First, select your budget period, usually a week or a month. (3) Second, estimate your income for that time period as accurately as you can. (4) Include not only your salary after payroll deductions, but the least you expect to make from other sources, such as tips, bonuses, and commissions. (5) Third, add up all your expenses for the budget period. (6) Be sure to add in your fixed costs ⎯ like rent, utilities, tuition, and taxes ⎯ as well as savings. (7) Also include your variable expenses. (8) The most difficult ones to estimate, variable expenses include all your nonfixed living costs, from money for food and transportation to planned events like vacations and less predictable ones like medical and home repair bills. (9) Fourth, subtract your expenses from your income to see whether you need to adjust your budget. (10) If your expenses are greater than your income, look for ways to cut costs ⎯ for example, on clothing. (11) If your income is greater than your expenses, you have the luxury of splurging or saving extra money for that car or trip you have always wanted. Which of the following sentences in the paragraph does NOT contain a transitional expression that indicates time?

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) The staff at the Shoe Barn is trained to use a very effective customer service procedure. (2) When a customer enters the store, a nearby salesperson first greets that person by saying, "Hello, welcome to Shoe Barn." (3) Second, the salesperson asks the customer, "Can I help you find something today?" (4) Third, the employee listens carefully to the customer's description of the shoes he or she is looking for and leads the customer to the appropriate part of the store. (5) While helping the customer find what he or she needs, the salesperson also describes that day's specials and sales. (6) Finally, when the customer is ready to purchase an item or leave the store, the salesperson smiles and says, "Thank you for shopping at Shoe Barn!" Which of the following sentences in the paragraph does NOT contain a transitional expression that indicates time?

Each question below is a topic sentence followed by supporting details. The steps in each set are not in correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that arranges each group of details according to the proper time sequence. Changing the oil in your car will require you to follow several steps. ____ When the oil stops draining, screw the plug back on and lower the car. ____ Next, place a plastic catch pan under the drain hole, and remove the drain hole plug so all the old oil can pour out. ____ Finally, check the oil level and add more oil if the car needs it. ____ To drain the old oil, first set the hand brake and jack up the front end of the car. ____ Now pour in the fresh oil, and then start the engine and check for leaks. ____ When the front end is back on the ground, remove the dirty oil filter and replace it with a clean one.

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. (1) Just as growing children develop physically in stages, they also progress through stages of moral development. (2) Devised by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, the stages describe the moral reasoning that guides decision-making. (3) The earliest stage Kohlberg called "pre-conventional." (4) Here, children base their moral decisions on the outcome of a choice. (5) In other words, something is right or wrong depending on whether they will be punished or praised for doing it. (6) The next level is called the "conventional" stage because people at this level base their moral judgments on the conventions of society. (7) Something is right during this stage if most people agree that it is right. (8) Many people do not pass beyond the conventional level of moral reasoning. (9) Those who do have arrived at what Kohlberg termed the "post-conventional" level, a stage at which people base their moral decisions on personal beliefs. (10) People with such convictions will do what they consider is right even if it contradicts social rules or comes with negative consequences. Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.