Question 1

Kepler's first law of planetary motion implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  the planets move at a constant speed at all points in their orbits. 
B)  the planets all move around Earth in elliptical orbits. 
C)  uniform circular motion is adequate to describe the motion of all planets. 
D)  planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun. 
A)  the planets move at a constant speed at all points in their orbits. 
B)  the planets all move around Earth in elliptical orbits. 
C)  uniform circular motion is adequate to describe the motion of all planets. 
D)  planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun.

Question 2

Galileo's telescopic discovery of moons orbiting Jupiter was important because it showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the universe could contain centers of motion other than Earth. 
B)  Earth might move along an orbit and not leave the Moon behind. 
C)  Jupiter was much more massive than Earth. 
D)  the universe could contain centers of motion other than Earth, Earth might move along an orbit and not leave the Moon behind, and Jupiter was much more massive than Earth. 
E)  the universe could contain centers of motion other than Earth and Earth might move along an orbit and not leave the Moon behind. 
A)  the universe could contain centers of motion other than Earth. 
B)  Earth might move along an orbit and not leave the Moon behind. 
C)  Jupiter was much more massive than Earth. 
D)  the universe could contain centers of motion other than Earth, Earth might move along an orbit and not leave the Moon behind, and Jupiter was much more massive than Earth. 
E)  the universe could contain centers of motion other than Earth and Earth might move along an orbit and not leave the Moon behind.

Question 3

Galileo discovered ____ new planets called 'Galilean moons.'

Accepted Answer

The answer of Galileo discovered ____ new planets called 'Galilean...

Question 4

Explain the cause and the effect for Newton's second law, using the information in How Do We Know? 4-3 in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Force could be the c

Question 5

Parallax is the apparent change in location of an object due to the motion of the observer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When Mars is located directly behind Earth with respect to the Sun in its orbit, it is

Accepted Answer

A)  at the midpoint in the sky between east and west at sunset. 
B)  at the midpoint in the sky between east and west at midnight. 
C)  at the midpoint in the sky between east and west at sunrise. 
D)  at the midpoint in the sky between east and west at noon. 
E)  not visible in the night sky. 
A)  at the midpoint in the sky between east and west at sunset. 
B)  at the midpoint in the sky between east and west at midnight. 
C)  at the midpoint in the sky between east and west at sunrise. 
D)  at the midpoint in the sky between east and west at noon. 
E)  not visible in the night sky.

Question 7

If a planet takes 140 years to orbit its host star, how far is it in units of A.U.?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a planet takes 140 years to...

Question 8

According to Kepler's third law, a planet's orbital period ____________________ is equal to its average distance from the Sun ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kepler's third law, a planet's...

Question 9

Once a theory has been tested thoroughly and is confidently believed by scientists, it becomes a ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Once a theory has been tested thoroughly...

Question 10

Galileo used a telescope to observe the phases of the Sun.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Copernicus

Accepted Answer

A)  proposed that the Earth orbited the Sun. 
B)  showed how retrograde motion could be explained without epicycles if the planets all orbited the Sun. 
C)  neither proposed that the Earth orbited the Sun and showed how retrograde motion could be explained without epicycles if the planets all orbited the Sun. 
D)  both proposed that the Earth orbited the Sun and showed how retrograde motion could be explained without epicycles if the planets all orbited the Sun. 
A)  proposed that the Earth orbited the Sun. 
B)  showed how retrograde motion could be explained without epicycles if the planets all orbited the Sun. 
C)  neither proposed that the Earth orbited the Sun and showed how retrograde motion could be explained without epicycles if the planets all orbited the Sun. 
D)  both proposed that the Earth orbited the Sun and showed how retrograde motion could be explained without epicycles if the planets all orbited the Sun.

Question 12

Tides occur because the gravitational force of the Moon on Earth ____ with increasing distance from the Moon.

Accepted Answer

A)  stays constant 
B)  increases 
C)  decreases 
A)  stays constant 
B)  increases 
C)  decreases

Question 13

Parallax is

Accepted Answer

A)  the apparent motion of an object due to the motion of the observer. 
B)  the distance between two foci of an ellipse. 
C)  the small circle that the planets slid along in Ptolemy's geocentric universe. 
D)  the circular orbits used in Copernicus' heliocentric universe. 
E)  half the length of the shortest diameter of an ellipse. 
A)  the apparent motion of an object due to the motion of the observer. 
B)  the distance between two foci of an ellipse. 
C)  the small circle that the planets slid along in Ptolemy's geocentric universe. 
D)  the circular orbits used in Copernicus' heliocentric universe. 
E)  half the length of the shortest diameter of an ellipse.

Question 14

The force due to gravity between two objects depends on
I. the mass of each object.
II. the distance each object is from Earth.
III. the distance between the two objects.
IV. the speed of light.

Accepted Answer

A)  I & II 
B)  I & III 
C)  II & IV 
D)  I, II, & III 
E)  I, II, III, & IV 
A)  I & II 
B)  I & III 
C)  II & IV 
D)  I, II, & III 
E)  I, II, III, & IV

Question 15

Why did Galileo's observations of moons orbiting Jupiter disagree with geocentric model of the universe of his time?

Accepted Answer

A)  The moons moved in non-circular orbits about Jupiter. 
B)  The moons did not appear to orbit the Sun. 
C)  The moons did not appear to orbit Earth. 
D)  The moons appeared to be too small, and therefore too far away, to be considered part of the solar system. 
A)  The moons moved in non-circular orbits about Jupiter. 
B)  The moons did not appear to orbit the Sun. 
C)  The moons did not appear to orbit Earth. 
D)  The moons appeared to be too small, and therefore too far away, to be considered part of the solar system.

Question 16

If the period of a body's orbit is doubled, then the distance from the host has ___________. Assume the units of period are years and the units of distance are A.U. Choose the best answer.

Accepted Answer

A)  doubled 
B)  halved 
C)  stayed the same 
D)  increased by  about 1.5 times 
A)  doubled 
B)  halved 
C)  stayed the same 
D)  increased by  about 1.5 times

Question 17

The force of gravity from one object extends to infinity never going to zero. When we say that gravitation is universal we mean that

Accepted Answer

A)  the Earth exerts gravitational force on objects on its surface. 
B)  the Earth exerts a gravitational force on its Moon and vice versa. 
C)  the Earth, Moon, and Sun exert gravitational forces on each other. 
D)  all material objects in the universe exert gravitational forces on one another. 
A)  the Earth exerts gravitational force on objects on its surface. 
B)  the Earth exerts a gravitational force on its Moon and vice versa. 
C)  the Earth, Moon, and Sun exert gravitational forces on each other. 
D)  all material objects in the universe exert gravitational forces on one another.

Question 18

A(n) ____ is well supported (observationally and/or experimentally) system of rules and principles that can be applied to a wide variety of circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis 
B)  paradigm 
C)  theory 
D)  model 
A)  hypothesis 
B)  paradigm 
C)  theory 
D)  model

Question 19

Kepler used Tycho's observations to show that the planets

Accepted Answer

A)  followed perfectly circular orbits. 
B)  followed perfectly cubical orbits. 
C)  all circled the Earth. 
D)  followed elliptical orbits. 
A)  followed perfectly circular orbits. 
B)  followed perfectly cubical orbits. 
C)  all circled the Earth. 
D)  followed elliptical orbits.

Question 20

An apparent westward motion of a planet in the sky compared to the background stars (as viewed from Earth) when observed on successive nights is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  epicycle. 
B)  retrograde motion. 
C)  prograde motion. 
D)  heliocentric motion. 
E)  deferent. 
A)  epicycle. 
B)  retrograde motion. 
C)  prograde motion. 
D)  heliocentric motion. 
E)  deferent.

Kepler's first law of planetary motion implies that

Galileo's telescopic discovery of moons orbiting Jupiter was important because it showed that

Galileo discovered ____ new planets called 'Galilean moons.'

Explain the cause and the effect for Newton's second law, using the information in How Do We Know? 4-3 in your answer.

Parallax is the apparent change in location of an object due to the motion of the observer.

When Mars is located directly behind Earth with respect to the Sun in its orbit, it is

If a planet takes 140 years to orbit its host star, how far is it in units of A.U.?

According to Kepler's third law, a planet's orbital period is equal to its average distance from the Sun .

Once a theory has been tested thoroughly and is confidently believed by scientists, it becomes a ____________________.

Galileo used a telescope to observe the phases of the Sun.

Copernicus

Tides occur because the gravitational force of the Moon on Earth ____ with increasing distance from the Moon.

Parallax is

The force due to gravity between two objects depends on I. the mass of each object. II. the distance each object is from Earth. III. the distance between the two objects. IV. the speed of light.

Why did Galileo's observations of moons orbiting Jupiter disagree with geocentric model of the universe of his time?

If the period of a body's orbit is doubled, then the distance from the host has ___________. Assume the units of period are years and the units of distance are A.U. Choose the best answer.

The force of gravity from one object extends to infinity never going to zero. When we say that gravitation is universal we mean that

A(n) ____ is well supported (observationally and/or experimentally) system of rules and principles that can be applied to a wide variety of circumstances.

Kepler used Tycho's observations to show that the planets

An apparent westward motion of a planet in the sky compared to the background stars (as viewed from Earth) when observed on successive nights is referred to as

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

Modern Cosmology

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus, and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

Exam 4: The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Kepler's first law of planetary motion implies that

Galileo's telescopic discovery of moons orbiting Jupiter was important because it showed that

Galileo discovered ____ new planets called 'Galilean moons.'

Explain the cause and the effect for Newton's second law, using the information in How Do We Know? 4-3 in your answer.

Parallax is the apparent change in location of an object due to the motion of the observer.

When Mars is located directly behind Earth with respect to the Sun in its orbit, it is

If a planet takes 140 years to orbit its host star, how far is it in units of A.U.?

According to Kepler's third law, a planet's orbital period ____________________ is equal to its average distance from the Sun ____________________.

Once a theory has been tested thoroughly and is confidently believed by scientists, it becomes a ____________________.

Galileo used a telescope to observe the phases of the Sun.

Copernicus

Tides occur because the gravitational force of the Moon on Earth ____ with increasing distance from the Moon.

Parallax is

The force due to gravity between two objects depends on I. the mass of each object. II. the distance each object is from Earth. III. the distance between the two objects. IV. the speed of light.

Why did Galileo's observations of moons orbiting Jupiter disagree with geocentric model of the universe of his time?

If the period of a body's orbit is doubled, then the distance from the host has ___________. Assume the units of period are years and the units of distance are A.U. Choose the best answer.

The force of gravity from one object extends to infinity never going to zero. When we say that gravitation is universal we mean that

A(n) ____ is well supported (observationally and/or experimentally) system of rules and principles that can be applied to a wide variety of circumstances.

Kepler used Tycho's observations to show that the planets

An apparent westward motion of a planet in the sky compared to the background stars (as viewed from Earth) when observed on successive nights is referred to as

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

Modern Cosmology

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus, and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

According to Kepler's third law, a planet's orbital period is equal to its average distance from the Sun .