Question 1

The law of gravitation is termed universal because it is a property of all material objects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium"

Accepted Answer

A)  describes how Galileo's observations and Kepler's calculations proved the Copernican theory. 
B)  describes the construction of Galileo's telescope and his observations. 
C)  is a dialog written to convince the general public of the merits of the Copernican theory. 
D)  first described the Copernican theory. 
E)  describes the Tychonian theory. 
A)  describes how Galileo's observations and Kepler's calculations proved the Copernican theory. 
B)  describes the construction of Galileo's telescope and his observations. 
C)  is a dialog written to convince the general public of the merits of the Copernican theory. 
D)  first described the Copernican theory. 
E)  describes the Tychonian theory.

Question 3

The orbit of the planet Jupiter is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. What is located at the other focus?

Accepted Answer

A)  the asteroid belt 
B)  Earth 
C)  Saturn 
D)  Jupiter 
E)  nothing 
A)  the asteroid belt 
B)  Earth 
C)  Saturn 
D)  Jupiter 
E)  nothing

Question 4

How can tidal forces affect the rotation of celestial bodies and their orbital motion? Hint: Consider Earth and the Moon.

Accepted Answer

​ Tidal forces affect orbital motion. Fo

Question 5

One body weighs twice as much as another on a seesaw, as such the center of mass is located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the center of the seesaw. 
B)  towards the less massive body. 
C)  towards the more massive body. 
D)  at the heaviest body. 
A)  in the center of the seesaw. 
B)  towards the less massive body. 
C)  towards the more massive body. 
D)  at the heaviest body.

Question 6

The eccentricity of a planet's orbit describes

Accepted Answer

A)  westward motion in the night sky when observed on successive nights. 
B)  the deviation in shape when compared to a circle. 
C)  its tilt with respect to the ecliptic plane. 
D)  the tilt of the planet's rotational axis with respect to the ecliptic. 
A)  westward motion in the night sky when observed on successive nights. 
B)  the deviation in shape when compared to a circle. 
C)  its tilt with respect to the ecliptic plane. 
D)  the tilt of the planet's rotational axis with respect to the ecliptic.

Question 7

Kepler's second law is about the speed of planets, where planets move faster at perihelion and slower at aphelion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the circular velocity of an object orbiting Earth at a distance of 100,000 km from Earth's center?     G = 6.67 × 10 − 11 m3 ⋅ kg − 1 ⋅ s − 2; M Earth = 5.98 × 10 24  kg

Accepted Answer

A)  2 m/s 
B)  20 m/s 
C)  200 m/s 
D)  2000 m/s 
E)  20,000 m/s 
A)  2 m/s 
B)  20 m/s 
C)  200 m/s 
D)  2000 m/s 
E)  20,000 m/s

Question 9

The geometry of an ellipse is described by two numbers: the ____ which is half the longest diameter of the ellipse and the ____ which tells us the shape of the ellipse.

Accepted Answer

A)  radius, eccentricity 
B)  radius, deferent 
C)  semi-major axis, deferent 
D)  semi-major axis, epicycle 
E)  semi-major axis, eccentricity 
A)  radius, eccentricity 
B)  radius, deferent 
C)  semi-major axis, deferent 
D)  semi-major axis, epicycle 
E)  semi-major axis, eccentricity

Question 10

A(n) ____ is a single conjecture that can be tested.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis 
B)  paradigm 
C)  natural law 
D)  model 
E)  theory 
A)  hypothesis 
B)  paradigm 
C)  natural law 
D)  model 
E)  theory

Question 11

____ orbit is one in which an object orbiting Earth has an orbital period equal to the rotation period of Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  A daily 
B)  A lunar 
C)  An epicycle 
D)  A geosynchronous 
E)  An open 
A)  A daily 
B)  A lunar 
C)  An epicycle 
D)  A geosynchronous 
E)  An open

Question 12

Geosynchronous satellites

Accepted Answer

A)  have an orbital period of 24 hours. 
B)  remain above a geographical point on Earth while Earth rotates underneath. 
C)  have an orbital period of 24 hours and remain above a geographical point on Earth while Earth rotates underneath. 
D)  None of the other choices are correct. 
A)  have an orbital period of 24 hours. 
B)  remain above a geographical point on Earth while Earth rotates underneath. 
C)  have an orbital period of 24 hours and remain above a geographical point on Earth while Earth rotates underneath. 
D)  None of the other choices are correct.

Question 13

If you are standing on the floor then you actions (or lack of action) can count as a test of

Accepted Answer

A)  Newton's first law 
B)  Newton's second law 
C)  Newton's third law 
D)  None of the other choices are correct. 
A)  Newton's first law 
B)  Newton's second law 
C)  Newton's third law 
D)  None of the other choices are correct.

Question 14

Newton concluded that a force from the Earth had to act on the Moon because

Accepted Answer

A)  a force is needed to keep the Moon in motion in its orbit. 
B)  a force is needed to pull the Moon outward. 
C)  a force is needed to accelerate the Moon toward Earth away from straight-line motion. 
D)  the Moon moved at a constant velocity in a straight line. 
E)  All of the other choices are correct. 
A)  a force is needed to keep the Moon in motion in its orbit. 
B)  a force is needed to pull the Moon outward. 
C)  a force is needed to accelerate the Moon toward Earth away from straight-line motion. 
D)  the Moon moved at a constant velocity in a straight line. 
E)  All of the other choices are correct.

Question 15

Compare the circular velocities of the satellites and/or moons of Mars and Earth, using Reasoning with Number 4-1 as your guide. Which has the higher velocity and by how much?

Accepted Answer

Use information in Appendix A to find di

Question 16

If a body's acceleration is doubled then the amount of force acting on the body had to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  double 
B)  halve 
C)  stay the same 
D)  None of the other choices are correct. 
A)  double 
B)  halve 
C)  stay the same 
D)  None of the other choices are correct.

Question 17

Many classical Greek astronomers believed Earth could not move because they detected no parallax.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If a planet orbits the Sun at a distance of 4 AU, then its orbital period is 8 years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

An object in orbit around Earth

Accepted Answer

A)  is not experiencing gravity. 
B)  is in free fall. 
C)  is accelerating towards Earth. 
D)  is in free fall and is accelerating toward Earth. 
A)  is not experiencing gravity. 
B)  is in free fall. 
C)  is accelerating towards Earth. 
D)  is in free fall and is accelerating toward Earth.

Question 20

Halley's comet has an orbital period of 76 years, what is the average distance of Comet Halley from the Sun?

Accepted Answer

A)  51 AU 
B)  18 AU 
C)  114 AU 
D)  660 AU 
E)  38 AU 
A)  51 AU 
B)  18 AU 
C)  114 AU 
D)  660 AU 
E)  38 AU

The law of gravitation is termed universal because it is a property of all material objects.

The book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium"

The orbit of the planet Jupiter is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. What is located at the other focus?

How can tidal forces affect the rotation of celestial bodies and their orbital motion? Hint: Consider Earth and the Moon.

One body weighs twice as much as another on a seesaw, as such the center of mass is located

The eccentricity of a planet's orbit describes

Kepler's second law is about the speed of planets, where planets move faster at perihelion and slower at aphelion.

What is the circular velocity of an object orbiting Earth at a distance of 100,000 km from Earth's center? G = 6.67 × 10^{− 11} m³ ⋅ kg^{− 1} ⋅ s^{− 2}; M _Earth = 5.98 × 10²⁴ kg

The geometry of an ellipse is described by two numbers: the which is half the longest diameter of the ellipse and the which tells us the shape of the ellipse.

A(n) ____ is a single conjecture that can be tested.

____ orbit is one in which an object orbiting Earth has an orbital period equal to the rotation period of Earth.

Geosynchronous satellites

If you are standing on the floor then you actions (or lack of action) can count as a test of

Newton concluded that a force from the Earth had to act on the Moon because

Compare the circular velocities of the satellites and/or moons of Mars and Earth, using Reasoning with Number 4-1 as your guide. Which has the higher velocity and by how much?

If a body's acceleration is doubled then the amount of force acting on the body had to _______.

Many classical Greek astronomers believed Earth could not move because they detected no parallax.

If a planet orbits the Sun at a distance of 4 AU, then its orbital period is 8 years.

An object in orbit around Earth

Halley's comet has an orbital period of 76 years, what is the average distance of Comet Halley from the Sun?

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

Modern Cosmology

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus, and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

Exam 4: The Origin of Modern Astronomy

The law of gravitation is termed universal because it is a property of all material objects.

The book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium"

The orbit of the planet Jupiter is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. What is located at the other focus?

How can tidal forces affect the rotation of celestial bodies and their orbital motion? Hint: Consider Earth and the Moon.

One body weighs twice as much as another on a seesaw, as such the center of mass is located

The eccentricity of a planet's orbit describes

Kepler's second law is about the speed of planets, where planets move faster at perihelion and slower at aphelion.

What is the circular velocity of an object orbiting Earth at a distance of 100,000 km from Earth's center? G = 6.67 × 10 − 11 m3 ⋅ kg − 1 ⋅ s − 2; M Earth = 5.98 × 10 24 kg

The geometry of an ellipse is described by two numbers: the ____ which is half the longest diameter of the ellipse and the ____ which tells us the shape of the ellipse.

A(n) ____ is a single conjecture that can be tested.

____ orbit is one in which an object orbiting Earth has an orbital period equal to the rotation period of Earth.

Geosynchronous satellites

If you are standing on the floor then you actions (or lack of action) can count as a test of

Newton concluded that a force from the Earth had to act on the Moon because

Compare the circular velocities of the satellites and/or moons of Mars and Earth, using Reasoning with Number 4-1 as your guide. Which has the higher velocity and by how much?

If a body's acceleration is doubled then the amount of force acting on the body had to _______.

Many classical Greek astronomers believed Earth could not move because they detected no parallax.

If a planet orbits the Sun at a distance of 4 AU, then its orbital period is 8 years.

An object in orbit around Earth

Halley's comet has an orbital period of 76 years, what is the average distance of Comet Halley from the Sun?

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

Modern Cosmology

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus, and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

What is the circular velocity of an object orbiting Earth at a distance of 100,000 km from Earth's center? G = 6.67 × 10^{− 11} m³ ⋅ kg^{− 1} ⋅ s^{− 2}; M _Earth = 5.98 × 10²⁴ kg

The geometry of an ellipse is described by two numbers: the which is half the longest diameter of the ellipse and the which tells us the shape of the ellipse.