Exam 9: Cooperative Implications for Strategy

Stable alliance networks will most often

The risks of being accused of collusion are MOST likely under what type of alliance?

A businessperson in Atlanta who wishes to develop a luxury pet kennel approaches the owner of the highly successful Pet Resort and Day Spa in Houston to see if the owner is interesting in franchising the Pet Resort brand. The Atlanta businessperson's goal is to

A stable alliance network is used in industries characterized by frequent product innovations and short product life cycles.

A ____________ is a strategy in which firms share some of their resources and capabilities to create economies of scope and is similar to the business-level horizontal complementary alliance.

International strategic alliances are less risky than domestic strategic alliances because of diversification across countries.

Case Scenario 3: Bunnywac. Bunnywac is a global producer and seller of batteries for consumer electronics products (radios, flashlights, toys, etc.), and competes primarily with its larger rivals by providing battery products equal in performance at a lower price. The worldwide battery industry suffers from issues of overcapacity and commoditization, brand segmentation and proliferation, the growing strength of global retailers, and the low-cost threat of new entrants from Asia. Thus, the ability to provide dependable batteries at a very low cost is essential to survival in this industry. Bunnywac has grown quickly into one of the leading players in the battery industry primary through horizontal acquisitions financed by a recent successful IPO, and is now counted among the top four companies in North and Latin America. Its presence in Europe and Latin America is negligible. While its market presence and brand is generally strong and market share is growing, Bunnywac has entered into an alliance to obtain the core technologies of its batteries. Bunnywac does not actually own the technology that makes its batteries work. This approach has provided Bunnywac a cost advantage since it has not had to invest in basic R&D and has very little R&D infrastructure. This technology is licensed from Mats (which has 200 engineers dedicated to moving the technology forward), one of Japan's largest technology-based holding companies (like Sharp or Canon). Mats also sells batteries under the Pandemonium brand and commands over 50% of the market share of Asian countries. Mats' market share in other global markets is negligible and its efforts at growing its branded battery share in the North America, Latin America, and Europe has been severely frustrated in recent years. While Mats is very large compared to Bunnywac, the battery technology and battery business are relatively tiny relative to Mats' other technology-based businesses. Bunnywac's decade-long licensing agreement with Mats for the essential battery technology expires in one year; there are no obvious substitute providers of this technology. -(Refer to Case Scenario 3) What type of business-level cooperative strategy is primarily exemplified by Bunnywac's technology licensing arrangement with Mats?

When a firm is in the early stages of geographic diversification, cross-border alliances may be a good learning step before other forms of international expansion.

Case Scenario 1: Norning International Norning International (NI) states that both its past successes and future growth strategies are based on an evolving network of wholly owned businesses and joint ventures around its core competency in glass making. Through their alliances and owned divisions they compete in four global business sectors: Specialty Glass and Materials (including materials for HDTV and LCD displays), Consumer Housewares (including microwavable dishware), Laboratory Sciences Products and Services (test tubes, testing equipment, and drug trials testing), and Communications (fiber optics and related technologies). Per the company's annual report, "binding all four sectors together is the glue of a commitment to leading edge glass making technologies, shared resources, and dedication to total quality." Each sector is composed of divisions, subsidiaries and alliances. However, the central role played by alliances is demonstrated by the fact that the combined revenue of its 30-some alliances is more than double that of NI on its own. Most of the alliances provide NI with access to particular geographic markets, industries, or channels, although an increasing number of alliances involve both market access and technological development. -(Refer to Case Scenario 1) What risks arise from a strategy based on such a "network of alliances"?

Amylin Pharmaceuticals has an alliance with Eli Lilly & Co. to produce diabetes drugs. Lilly, however, recently signed an alliance agreement with another company to also produce diabetes drugs. As a result, Amylin sued Lilly for breech of the alliance agreement. Which of the following risks of cooperative strategies discussed in the chapter is most likely occurring here?

A relatively young firm has developed a method of transferring photographic images of surface textures onto any type of hard surface. This potentially has a huge market in the home-decorating field as well as any hard surface that is typically painted, such as car bodies. The type of alliance partner this firm would be searching for would be one with

High levels of trust allow less formal contracts to govern the relationship between alliance partners and increases the likelihood of alliance success.

Case Scenario 2: ERP Inc ERP, Inc., (ERPI) is a leading provider of enterprise integration software (EIS). EIS essentially allows a firm to connect and integrate processes across all aspects of its business. To fuel its dramatic growth, ERPI has focused its organization entirely on product development (software programming for a suite of EIS products) and selling (making the sale and then moving onto a new target), while outsourcing the installation and consulting aspects to the world's largest accounting firms. This also makes ERPI basically a "product company," whereas most competitors like Oracle and PeopleSoft in its market space operate as "solutions companies." One benefit of this focused strategy is that ERPI's product is generally recognized as being 200% to 300% better than competitors' software, and thus adopters are thus likely to have a one to two year advantage. In further contrast to the competition, ERPI has used its partnerships with the accounting firms to deliver a turn-key solution, and has focused this solution on a market comprised of the world's largest, global manufacturers and consumer product companies. The accounting firms, in turn, coordinate a comprehensive collection of hardware, operating systems, and complementary software firms. Installation and related consulting for EIS typically cost between $100 and $200 million, with the ERPI software component accounting for only about 20% of the installed cost (the remaining 80% is spent on the actual installation, not counting the value of the customer's time). To incentivize the accounting firms to help sell its product (since, at least initially, the accounting firms had better reputations and controlled access to the target customers), ERPI told its partners that it will never enter the installations and consulting side of the business (aside from installation and consulting that ERPI does as part of its software support). Dangling such a large carrot in front of the accounting firms provided the continuing benefit of encouraging their continued support of ERPI with their customers. -(Refer to Case Scenario 2) Given that software systems like EIS are very complex, and quality is largely a function of the related installation and consulting processes, how can ERPI control quality and ultimately protect the reputation of its product (and its name) when it has ultimately outsourced installation to its partners?

A state-wide alliance of independent hospitals has formed in order to do group purchasing of medical supplies. Group purchasing allows the hospital alliance to negotiate lower prices with suppliers because of the large quantity of materials ordered. This is an example of the advantage of ____ resulting from an alliance.

BPM Corp. is a manufacturer of radar systems for regional-sized jet aircraft. The company has announced plans to enter into a joint venture with J3 Composites, a producer of advanced composite materials. The announced venture will produce a new, combined product consisting of the radar unit and protective composite cover. Which of the following ownership arrangements would be most typical for a joint venture?

Firms entering into synergistic strategic alliances expect to attain

Using business-level strategic alliances to hedge against risk and uncertainty is most common in the slow-cycle markets.

Failure of a partner to contribute needed resources and capabilities to a cooperative venture is a particular risk in international ventures especially in emerging economies.

Of the various business-level strategic alliances, ____ alliances have the most probability of creating sustainable competitive advantage, and ____ have the lowest.

Dynamic alliance networks work best in industries