Exam 4: Review of the Aging of Physiological Systems

Even if the body is repeatedly exposed to the same antigen, it will react each time to that particular antigen as if it had never before been encountered.

Although relatively few changes occur in the aging GI system, changes that do occur increase the risk for diseases and disorders.

The degradation of which of the following may cause neuronal disruption by slowing the nerve impulses as they travel through the nervous system, which may help to explain middle age-related declines in cognition and motor control?

A decrease in ovarian synthesis of what glycoprotein explains the increase in follicle-stimulating hormone prior to, throughout, and after menopause?

What equation can be used to predict renal disease but may not reflect the usual aging process; therefore, its use can lead to underdosing in healthy older adults and overdosing in compromised older adults?

Although the aorta and other arteries begin to stiffen with age, the left ventricle pumps the same amount of blood.

The number of glomeruli decreases by as much as 30% to 40% by age 90 due to what medical condition?

Which of the following, also known as antidiuretic hormone, is secreted by neurons that originate in the hypothalamus and extend into the pituitary gland?

All four cardiac valves increase in circumference in older adults, with the greatest increase occurring in which valve?

With age, what organ(s) atrophy to such a small size that they can become impalpable during an examination?

Deficiency of what mineral can inhibit production of cytokines, thereby hindering immune system communication and the overall coordination of the immune response?

Which of the following is calculated as the amount of air that can be expelled following maximum inspiration?

What type of cells, which are involved in the immune system, leave the blood and enter tissues where they turn into macrophages?

Adverse drug reactions in the older population occur as a result of changes in the liver and pancreas.

Immunosenescence is associated with a decreased incidence of infectious diseases such as bronchitis and influenza.

With age, vaginal pH levels shift from an acidic environment toward an alkaline environment due to decreased levels of which of the following in the vaginal tissue?

Erythrocytes have the capacity for continual self-renewal, which allows for the replenishment of the red blood cell supply.

Despite the reduced inspiratory capacity, which of the following -the maximum volume to which the lungs can expand during greatest inspiratory effort-remains virtually unchanged with age?

The menopausal transition is characterized by declines in which of the following along with the onset of variable menstrual cycles in both early and late stages?

What neurotransmitter induces learning and memory via cholinergic input to the hippocampus and neocortex in the brain?