Chat with AIExam 8: Analytic Epidemiology: Advanced Designs
Discuss how the application of ethics may hinder the ability to determine if an outcome would occur related to an intervention using a randomized controlled trial or randomized community trial.
(33) 
VerifiedWhen adhering to ethical principles of research, it is sometimes not possible to study if an intervention would lead to an outcome. This occurs when it is generally known or suspected that the intervention would cause harm to the participants or the withholding of an intervention would likely cause harm. Applying ethics would also potentially prevent a study from being completed. For example, if it becomes apparent during a study that the intervention (either applied or withheld) leads to harm or detriment to the participants, the study would be suspended. Because of the application of ethics, it isn't always possible to directly study the impact of an intervention. This doesn't mean the intervention cannot be studied; rather, it means that other study designs may be needed to ethically study the phenomena.
Quasi-experimental designs require the inclusion of a control group.
(36) VerifiedFalse
A study is initiated in which the benefits of fluoride in toothpaste are to be evaluated. The population for the study includes children in public elementary school who get dental checkups every six months. Which type of trial is used for this study?
(31) VerifiedA
Confounding is a distortion of an association between an exposure and outcome because of the influence of the third variable that was not considered in the study design or analysis.
(36) The nurse submits a proposed research project to the IRB of an acute healthcare facility. The study will focus on the incidence of hospital-acquired infections in post-surgical patients. The IRB turns down the nurse's proposal. Which reason is most likely to have impacted the IRB's decision?
(41) Which example demonstrates a causal association between a variable and an outcome?
(38) The term intervention ________ is used to describe the degree to which an intervention was delivered as intended.
(33) The nurse is preparing to initiate a study about the differences in growth rates of children within a specific community. Which factor of the study is likely to be a point of concern for the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
(43) The nurse becomes aware of an increase of septicemia among adolescents and young adults in a community, which appears to be associated with intravenous drug abuse. When initiating a study of the issue, which type of information bias is the nurse most likely to observe?
(41) Reviewing causality criteria and deciding if there is enough support to propose causality is a _______ process.
(35) A direct causal association implies there is some sort of intermediate step between the variable X and the outcome Y.
(49) 
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