Exam 5: Sampling Methods

You conduct a randomized study and find in your sample of patients admitted to the hospital with dementia, 31% will have a return emergency room visit within three months of discharge. National data becomes available at the end of the year, which then shows that within the full population of patients with dementia who are admitted to the hospital the actual return to ED rate within three months was 29%. You conclude:

You are reading a study about the relationship between years of heroin use and risk of future overdose. You notice that the researchers randomly selected their sample in a tertiary care emergency room but did not exclude those who were there for treatment for overdose. You are concerned that recruiting at a site that treats patients who have overdosed may overestimate the risk of overdose with this sampling methodology. This could be an example of:

You are reading a study that reports selecting a random sample of hospitals and estimating admission delay times. You know this is an example of:

You are using quota sampling to enroll 100 swimmers in a study on lung capacity. You want 25% of your sample to be those who compete at 100m or less distances and 50% to be swimmers who compete at 100m-500m distances and 25% to be swimmers who compete at >500m distances. You begin enrolling for your study at 5am at the pool. By 9 AM you have all of your 100-500m swimmers enrolled, and all of your >500m swimmers enrolled. You still need four more swimmers who compete at 100m or less. You should:

You are conducting a study that examines the impact of imprisonment on mental health. In your state, 15% of prisoners are imprisoned for >5 years and 85% are imprisoned for < 5 years. You want your sample to reflect these population parameters so you randomly select 15% of your sample from prisoners who have been imprisoned for >5 years and you randomly select 85% of your sample from prisoners who have been imprisoned for <5 years. You know this is an example of what type of sampling methodology?

You are reading a study which asked 60 students enrolled in the local high school to self-report drug use, sexual activity and college education plans. You know this is an example of what type of sampling methodology?

You are reading a study which randomly selected subjects from three randomly selected zip codes. You know this is an example of what type of sampling methodology?

If you randomly select 50 samples from a population you can develop a:

You are conducting a study that asks pediatric patients admitted to your unit about their anxiety level. You know this is an example of what type of sampling methodology?

In a study, patients were eligible to participate in the study if they were admitted to the selected hospital units, were 21 years or older, spoke and understood Swedish and were able to participate in a short interview. These attributes are examples of:

You are enrolling swimmers in a study on lung capacity. You want 25% of your sample to be those who compete at 100m or less distances and 50% to be swimmers who compete at 100m-500m distances and 25% to be swimmers who compete at >500m distances. You begin enrolling for your study at 5am at the pool. By 9 AM you have all of your 100-500m swimmers enrolled, and all of your >500m swimmers enrolled. This is an example of what type of sampling method?

You are conducting a study utilizing quota sampling to determine how age impacts anxiety in pediatric patients. You want half of your sample to be <8 years old and half to be >8 years old. You begin enrolling on your unit and complete enrolling the >8-year-old portion of your sample the first day and still need 6 more subjects who are <8 years old. You return the second day and begin by taking the following action:

Researchers examined the relationship between interpersonal violence and health in college age women. 540 students were selected to participate in the study, however, 93 did not answer the questions about violence and were thus not included in the study. Not answering the violence questions is an example of

You are reading a study which randomly selected and enrolled every 60th prisoner from a population of 300,000 prisoners. You know this is an example of what type of sampling methodology?

You are reading a study which randomly selected and enrolled 45 prisoners from a population of 300,000 prisoners. You know this is an example of what type of sampling methodology?

You are reading a study that reports selecting a random sample of hospitals and estimating admission delay times. You know this is an example of:

You conduct a study to assess parenting responsibilities. Part of your study involves recording if children are picked up by their mothers, fathers, or other individuals. You decide to gather this data on two different Fridays that are the first and third Fridays of the month. You discover that 67% of children are picked up from daycare by their father. Upon further examination, one of your observers points out that the first and third Fridays of each month are typically when fathers have their children with shared custody arrangements in your town. You realize both Fridays you collected data were on leading into those weekends. You realize your data may not be accurate because of:

You want to conduct a study using probability sampling. You might consider what approach:

What you are selecting a sampling methodology you should consider:

Researchers examined symptom distress and palliative care designation among a sample of 900 hospitalized adult patients. The report a significant Pearson's correlation for pain and distress of (r=0.91). Which statement is correct?