Exam 13: Relative Risk, Odds Ratio, and Attributable Risk

Researchers study the relationship between interpersonal violence and health in college age women. The researchers report an OR for psychological distress among abused versus non abused women (OR 1.37 95% CI 1.03-2.21). Based on this information, you know:

A nurse at Lakeside hospital conducts a study that reports a when there is ice on the road the risk of traumatic injuries is higher (RR=5.3, 95% CI= 2.3-8.1). You know this means:

You randomly select 120 healthy individuals and randomize them into a group given a daily multivitamin and a group who does not take a daily multivitamin. You follow the sample for ten years and identify all cases of pernicious anemia which develop. Which statement is true?

A health department investigation determines that the following during an outbreak: Exposure OR value Meatballs 4.5 0.07 Ice cream 2.0 0.04 Salad 0.78 0.09 Soup 1.03 0.12 What exposure was a significant risk factor?

You conduct a study of 1,000 people and determine that 137 have a virus and test positive with your screen. 21 have the virus and test negative with your screen. 506 do not have the virus and test negative with your screen. What is the prevalence rate of the disease?

Researchers study the relationship between interpersonal violence and health in college age women. The researchers report an OR for the use of analgesics among abused versus non abused women (OR 1.45 95% CI 0.97-2.15). Based on this information, you know:

You conduct a case control study and determine that five people with Guinea Worm were exposed to water from river A. One person with the disease had no exposure to water from river A. You also determine that ten people without the disease drank from river A and eighty-nine were healthy and did not drink from river A. Calculate the appropriate Odds ratio.

A study examined the relationship between having a baccalaureate degree and passing a cultural competency exam among a group of 987 randomly selected registered nurses at your hospital. The researchers report that more registered nurses with a baccalaureate degree passed the cultural competency exam (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.98-1.79). Interpret this information.

Subjects were asked how much salt they consume each week and whether they currently have peripheral edema in a survey with a cross sectional design. What measure of association would be appropriate for this analysis?

A study examined the relationship between having a baccalaureate degree and passing a cultural competency exam among a group of 87 randomly selected registered nurses at your hospital. They report an OR of 1.73 (95% CI 0.44-2.79) for passing rates among nurses with vs. without a baccalaureate degree. If the results of the study were incorrect it would be an example of:

Researchers study the relationship between interpersonal violence and health in college age women. The researchers report an OR for somatic symptoms among abused versus non abused women (OR 1.03 95% CI 0.79-1.71). Based on this information, you know:

A emergency room nurse at Rochester Regional Health conducts a study that reports if an emergency travel advisory is issued during a storm the risk of traumatic injuries is impacted (RR=0.89, 95% CI=0.74-0.98 ). You know this means:

A health department investigation determines the following after an outbreak: Exposure OR 95\% Meatballs 4.5 1.25-6.74 Ice cream 2.0 0.98-4.71 Salad 0.78 0.50-1.78 Soup 1.03 0.23-2.94 What exposure was a significant risk factor?

In January of 2016 a clinic is opened in Sierra Leone and 90 patients with Ebola are admitted. In February, 45 of the previous patients with Ebola have died and 78 more newly diagnosed patients with Ebola are admitted. No one is discharged. How many prevalence cases of Ebola are there at the clinic in February?

Your study reports that among sexually active female patients those who do not take birth control pills every day are more likely to get pregnant than those who take birth control pills every day (RR=8.4, p<0.05). You know this means:

You are studying gastroesophageal reflux therapy among two hundred premature infants all of whom are less than 30 weeks and being tube fed in a NICU. You measure the average intraesophageal pH upon entry into the study, at two weeks, at four weeks and at six weeks. The best method to analyze this data is:

A study that examines the relationship between eating citrus fruit and getting cold sores finds a relative risk of 1.89 with a p value of 0.047. The results indicate:

Several days after a wedding, an outbreak of cyclosporiasis occurred among attendees. Of the 108 guests at the wedding, 76 were ill and met the case definition. 50 of the 76 who were ill ate the wedding cake. Three of those who were well ate the wedding cake. What is the attack rate for those who ate the wedding cake?

In January of 2016 a clinic is opened in Sierra Leone and 90 patients with Ebola are admitted. In February, 45 of the previous patients with Ebola have died and 78 more newly diagnosed patients with Ebola are admitted. How many incident cases of Ebola are there at the clinic in February?

If utilizing a wearable fitness tracker is a statistically significant protective factor related to weight gain, identify which of the following 95% CL for a relative risk would be appropriate.