Question 1

Which of the following pairs of variables are most likely to be endogenous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Institutional quality and economic performance 
B)  Institutional quality and butter production 
C)  Stock market performance and whether an NFC team wins the Super Bowl 
D)  Democracy and butter production 
A)  Institutional quality and economic performance 
B)  Institutional quality and butter production 
C)  Stock market performance and whether an NFC team wins the Super Bowl 
D)  Democracy and butter production A

Question 2

Which of the following would be considered an empirical critique of a theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study finds that by standard measures of institutional quality, there is no independent effect once you control for resource endowments and international ties. 
B)  A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that this can't be true because institutional quality is far too vague of an idea. 
C)  A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that this is unknown since we don't know which kinds of institutions might be important. 
D)  A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that all cultures are so different that we cannot compare them. 
A)  A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study finds that by standard measures of institutional quality, there is no independent effect once you control for resource endowments and international ties. 
B)  A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that this can't be true because institutional quality is far too vague of an idea. 
C)  A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that this is unknown since we don't know which kinds of institutions might be important. 
D)  A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that all cultures are so different that we cannot compare them. A

Question 3

Why is correlation not alone sufficient for explanation of a cause-and-effect argument?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause-and-effect argument doesn't happen in comparative politics. 
B)  Only positive correlation is explanatory. 
C)  Correlative links do not necessarily imply causation. 
D)  Negative correlation necessarily negates association. 
A)  Cause-and-effect argument doesn't happen in comparative politics. 
B)  Only positive correlation is explanatory. 
C)  Correlative links do not necessarily imply causation. 
D)  Negative correlation necessarily negates association. C

Question 4

Are all arguments based on testing hypotheses? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

No, not all arguments are based on testi

Question 5

What is the difference between an empirical critique and a theoretical critique?

Accepted Answer

An empirical critique focuses on the evi

Question 6

Which of the following can pose a common problem for causal arguments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Falsifiability 
B)  Intervening variables 
C)  Endogeneity 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Falsifiability 
B)  Intervening variables 
C)  Endogeneity 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is not true about theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are general explanations of how the world works. 
B)  They are backed by a considerable amount of supporting facts. 
C)  They are supported through logical argumentation. 
D)  They are indisputable. 
A)  They are general explanations of how the world works. 
B)  They are backed by a considerable amount of supporting facts. 
C)  They are supported through logical argumentation. 
D)  They are indisputable.

Question 8

Identify the key characteristics of good concepts.

Accepted Answer

Good concepts, whether they pertain to p

Question 9

What is the difference between endogeneity and spurious correlation?

Accepted Answer

Endogeneity and spurious correlation are

Question 10

Centeno used the number of national monuments to measure nationalism in 19th century Latin American societies. Another way to capture nationalist sentiment from the past is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Examine writing in diaries and newspapers. 
B)  Watch movies made about the 19th century. 
C)  Build a time machine. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  Examine writing in diaries and newspapers. 
B)  Watch movies made about the 19th century. 
C)  Build a time machine. 
D)  None of the above.

Question 11

Hypotheses that are generated from a group of specific cases and develop generalized ideas are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Inductive Reasoning 
B)  Deductive Reasoning 
C)  Comparative checking 
D)  Analyzing Deviant Cases 
A)  Inductive Reasoning 
B)  Deductive Reasoning 
C)  Comparative checking 
D)  Analyzing Deviant Cases

Question 12

This type of evidence may come from narrative accounts of historical or contemporary events:

Accepted Answer

A)  Quantifiable evidence 
B)  Quantitative evidence 
C)  Qualitative evidence 
D)  Quasi evidence 
A)  Quantifiable evidence 
B)  Quantitative evidence 
C)  Qualitative evidence 
D)  Quasi evidence

Question 13

How do we know if two variables that are correlated are causally related as well?

Accepted Answer

Correlation between two variables does n

Question 14

Ensuring that your argument produces new knowledge rather than reproducing old knowledge requires that your argument have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence 
B)  Originality 
C)  Meaningfulness 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Evidence 
B)  Originality 
C)  Meaningfulness 
D)  All of the above

Question 15

If one hypothesizes that Y is a dependent variable and X is an independent variable, then reverse causality would occur when:

Accepted Answer

A)  X leads to Y. 
B)  Y leads to X. 
C)  X and Y are the same. 
D)  X and Y are not correlated. 
A)  X leads to Y. 
B)  Y leads to X. 
C)  X and Y are the same. 
D)  X and Y are not correlated.

Question 16

The fluctuation of an individual's scores on a standardized test would most likely be a reflection of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Measurement error 
B)  False indicators 
C)  Spurious correlation 
D)  Measurement bias 
A)  Measurement error 
B)  False indicators 
C)  Spurious correlation 
D)  Measurement bias

Question 17

Whether a given measure effectively captures or represents what we are researching refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Measurement error 
B)  Measurement bias 
C)  Measurement validity 
D)  Measurement verification 
A)  Measurement error 
B)  Measurement bias 
C)  Measurement validity 
D)  Measurement verification

Question 18

Which of the following does not describe a theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abstract ideas about a given subject 
B)  Intuitive understandings 
C)  Schools of thought backed by substantial empirical evidence over time 
A)  Abstract ideas about a given subject 
B)  Intuitive understandings 
C)  Schools of thought backed by substantial empirical evidence over time

Question 19

Which of the following is not a part of good hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researching other cases beyond those of direct interest 
B)  Choosing evidence that best helps the case of the hypothesis 
C)  Weighing the results against available evidence 
D)  Avoiding bias in the testing process 
A)  Researching other cases beyond those of direct interest 
B)  Choosing evidence that best helps the case of the hypothesis 
C)  Weighing the results against available evidence 
D)  Avoiding bias in the testing process

Question 20

Explain how independent and dependent variables are related to one another, making reference to causal arguments.

Accepted Answer

Independent and dependent variables are

Which of the following pairs of variables are most likely to be endogenous?

Which of the following would be considered an empirical critique of a theory?

Why is correlation not alone sufficient for explanation of a cause-and-effect argument?

Are all arguments based on testing hypotheses? Why or why not?

What is the difference between an empirical critique and a theoretical critique?

Which of the following can pose a common problem for causal arguments?

Which of the following is not true about theories?

Identify the key characteristics of good concepts.

What is the difference between endogeneity and spurious correlation?

Centeno used the number of national monuments to measure nationalism in 19^th century Latin American societies. Another way to capture nationalist sentiment from the past is to:

Hypotheses that are generated from a group of specific cases and develop generalized ideas are called:

This type of evidence may come from narrative accounts of historical or contemporary events:

How do we know if two variables that are correlated are causally related as well?

Ensuring that your argument produces new knowledge rather than reproducing old knowledge requires that your argument have which of the following?

If one hypothesizes that Y is a dependent variable and X is an independent variable, then reverse causality would occur when:

The fluctuation of an individual's scores on a standardized test would most likely be a reflection of:

Whether a given measure effectively captures or represents what we are researching refers to:

Which of the following does not describe a theory?

Which of the following is not a part of good hypothesis testing?

Explain how independent and dependent variables are related to one another, making reference to causal arguments.

The Comparative Approach: an Introduction

The Modern State

Political Economy

Development

Democracy and Democratization

Authoritarian Regimes and Democratic Breakdown

Constitutions and Constitutional Design

Legislatures and Legislative Elections

Executives

Political Parties, Party Systems, and Interest Groups

Revolutions and Contention

Nationalism and National Identity

Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

Ideology and Religion in Modern Politics

Comparative Politics and International Relations

Filters

Exam 2: Theories, Hypotheses, and Evidence

Which of the following pairs of variables are most likely to be endogenous?

Which of the following would be considered an empirical critique of a theory?

Why is correlation not alone sufficient for explanation of a cause-and-effect argument?

Are all arguments based on testing hypotheses? Why or why not?

What is the difference between an empirical critique and a theoretical critique?

Which of the following can pose a common problem for causal arguments?

Which of the following is not true about theories?

Identify the key characteristics of good concepts.

What is the difference between endogeneity and spurious correlation?

Centeno used the number of national monuments to measure nationalism in 19th century Latin American societies. Another way to capture nationalist sentiment from the past is to:

Hypotheses that are generated from a group of specific cases and develop generalized ideas are called:

This type of evidence may come from narrative accounts of historical or contemporary events:

How do we know if two variables that are correlated are causally related as well?

Ensuring that your argument produces new knowledge rather than reproducing old knowledge requires that your argument have which of the following?

If one hypothesizes that Y is a dependent variable and X is an independent variable, then reverse causality would occur when:

The fluctuation of an individual's scores on a standardized test would most likely be a reflection of:

Whether a given measure effectively captures or represents what we are researching refers to:

Which of the following does not describe a theory?

Which of the following is not a part of good hypothesis testing?

Explain how independent and dependent variables are related to one another, making reference to causal arguments.

The Comparative Approach: an Introduction

The Modern State

Political Economy

Development

Democracy and Democratization

Authoritarian Regimes and Democratic Breakdown

Constitutions and Constitutional Design

Legislatures and Legislative Elections

Executives

Political Parties, Party Systems, and Interest Groups

Revolutions and Contention

Nationalism and National Identity

Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

Ideology and Religion in Modern Politics

Comparative Politics and International Relations

Filters

Centeno used the number of national monuments to measure nationalism in 19^th century Latin American societies. Another way to capture nationalist sentiment from the past is to: