Question 1

_______ is the search for and justification of moral standards or norms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethics 
B)  Bioethics 
C)  Descriptive ethics 
D)  Normative ethics 
A)  Ethics 
B)  Bioethics 
C)  Descriptive ethics 
D)  Normative ethics D

Question 2

Cultural relativism implies that we cannot legitimately criticize other cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Topics in bioethics affect only a relatively small number of people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

According to divine command theory, morality depends fundamentally on religion-the moral law is constituted by the will of God.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

_______ theories of distributive justice maintain that a just distribution is an equal distribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Retributive 
B)  Libertarian 
C)  Egalitarian 
D)  Absolute 
A)  Retributive 
B)  Libertarian 
C)  Egalitarian 
D)  Absolute

Question 6

The idea that everyone should be considered equal and that everyone's interests should count the same is called

Accepted Answer

A)  normative dominance. 
B)  universality. 
C)  impartiality. 
D)  reasonableness. 
A)  normative dominance. 
B)  universality. 
C)  impartiality. 
D)  reasonableness.

Question 7

The argument: "No one has proven that a fetus is not a person, so it is in fact a person" is an example of the

Accepted Answer

A)  appeal to ignorance. 
B)  strawman fallacy. 
C)  slippery slope fallacy. 
D)  fallacy of begging the question. 
A)  appeal to ignorance. 
B)  strawman fallacy. 
C)  slippery slope fallacy. 
D)  fallacy of begging the question.

Question 8

In an appeal to the person (or ad hominem fallacy), one tries to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A deductive argument is intended to give _______ support to its conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A)  probable 
B)  true 
C)  logically conclusive 
D)  logically inconclusive 
A)  probable 
B)  true 
C)  logically conclusive 
D)  logically inconclusive

Question 10

In your own words, explain the difference between the three main branches of ethics: normative ethics, metaethics, and bioethics.

Accepted Answer

Normative ethics is the search for, and

Question 11

Cultural relativism logically entails tolerance for other cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When assessing moral arguments, it is rarely important to check the truth of nonmoral premises.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The argument form of "If p, then q; p; therefore, q" is called

Accepted Answer

A)  modus tollens. 
B)  modus ponens. 
C)  affirming the consequent. 
D)  denying the antecedent. 
A)  modus tollens. 
B)  modus ponens. 
C)  affirming the consequent. 
D)  denying the antecedent.

Question 14

According to _______, moral standards are not objective, but are relative to what individuals or cultures believe.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethical relativism 
B)  moral objectivism 
C)  moral absolutism 
D)  cultural dominance 
A)  ethical relativism 
B)  moral objectivism 
C)  moral absolutism 
D)  cultural dominance

Question 15

_______ is the study of morality using the methodology of science.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethics 
B)  Bioethics 
C)  Descriptive ethics 
D)  Normative ethics 
A)  Ethics 
B)  Bioethics 
C)  Descriptive ethics 
D)  Normative ethics

Question 16

The _______ is the misrepresentation of a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed.

Accepted Answer

A)  appeal to ignorance 
B)  straw man fallacy 
C)  slippery slope fallacy 
D)  fallacy of begging the question 
A)  appeal to ignorance 
B)  straw man fallacy 
C)  slippery slope fallacy 
D)  fallacy of begging the question

Question 17

Explain the difference between morality and the law. Give one example in which an action is deemed morally but not legally wrong and one example in which an action might reasonably be judged legally but not morally wrong.

Accepted Answer

Morality concerns morally right and wron

Question 18

Define and give an example of a moral obligation, a morally permissible act, and a supererogatory act.

Accepted Answer

An obligatory action is one that would b

Question 19

Moral premises can be called into question by showing that they

Accepted Answer

A)  come from immoral people. 
B)  are contrary to majority opinion. 
C)  conflict with personal feelings. 
D)  conflict with credible principles, theories, or judgments. 
A)  come from immoral people. 
B)  are contrary to majority opinion. 
C)  conflict with personal feelings. 
D)  conflict with credible principles, theories, or judgments.

Question 20

The principle that we should never lie, regardless of the circumstances or the consequences, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an absolute principle. 
B)  a prima facie principle. 
C)  moral relativism. 
D)  reasonableness. 
A)  an absolute principle. 
B)  a prima facie principle. 
C)  moral relativism. 
D)  reasonableness.

_______ is the search for and justification of moral standards or norms.

Cultural relativism implies that we cannot legitimately criticize other cultures.

Topics in bioethics affect only a relatively small number of people.

According to divine command theory, morality depends fundamentally on religion-the moral law is constituted by the will of God.

_______ theories of distributive justice maintain that a just distribution is an equal distribution.

The idea that everyone should be considered equal and that everyone's interests should count the same is called

The argument: "No one has proven that a fetus is not a person, so it is in fact a person" is an example of the

In an appeal to the person (or ad hominem fallacy), one tries to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.

A deductive argument is intended to give _______ support to its conclusion.

In your own words, explain the difference between the three main branches of ethics: normative ethics, metaethics, and bioethics.

Cultural relativism logically entails tolerance for other cultures.

When assessing moral arguments, it is rarely important to check the truth of nonmoral premises.

The argument form of "If p, then q; p; therefore, q" is called

According to _______, moral standards are not objective, but are relative to what individuals or cultures believe.

_______ is the study of morality using the methodology of science.

The _______ is the misrepresentation of a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed.

Explain the difference between morality and the law. Give one example in which an action is deemed morally but not legally wrong and one example in which an action might reasonably be judged legally but not morally wrong.

Define and give an example of a moral obligation, a morally permissible act, and a supererogatory act.

Moral premises can be called into question by showing that they

The principle that we should never lie, regardless of the circumstances or the consequences, is an example of

Bioethics and Moral Theories

Paternalism and Patient Autonomy

Truth-Telling and Confidentiality

Informed Consent

Human Research

Abortion

Reproductive Technology

Genetic Choices

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

Dividing up Health Care Resources

Pandemic Ethics

Race, Racial Bias, and Health Care

Filters

Exam 1: Moral Reasoning in Bioethics

_______ is the search for and justification of moral standards or norms.

Cultural relativism implies that we cannot legitimately criticize other cultures.

Topics in bioethics affect only a relatively small number of people.

According to divine command theory, morality depends fundamentally on religion-the moral law is constituted by the will of God.

_______ theories of distributive justice maintain that a just distribution is an equal distribution.

The idea that everyone should be considered equal and that everyone's interests should count the same is called

The argument: "No one has proven that a fetus is not a person, so it is in fact a person" is an example of the

In an appeal to the person (or ad hominem fallacy), one tries to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.

A deductive argument is intended to give _______ support to its conclusion.

In your own words, explain the difference between the three main branches of ethics: normative ethics, metaethics, and bioethics.

Cultural relativism logically entails tolerance for other cultures.

When assessing moral arguments, it is rarely important to check the truth of nonmoral premises.

The argument form of "If p, then q; p; therefore, q" is called

According to _______, moral standards are not objective, but are relative to what individuals or cultures believe.

_______ is the study of morality using the methodology of science.

The _______ is the misrepresentation of a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed.

Explain the difference between morality and the law. Give one example in which an action is deemed morally but not legally wrong and one example in which an action might reasonably be judged legally but not morally wrong.

Define and give an example of a moral obligation, a morally permissible act, and a supererogatory act.

Moral premises can be called into question by showing that they

The principle that we should never lie, regardless of the circumstances or the consequences, is an example of

Bioethics and Moral Theories

Paternalism and Patient Autonomy

Truth-Telling and Confidentiality

Informed Consent

Human Research

Abortion

Reproductive Technology

Genetic Choices

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

Dividing up Health Care Resources

Pandemic Ethics

Race, Racial Bias, and Health Care

Filters