Exam 8: The History and Organization of Courts

Researchers have found similarities between the functions of modern courts and societies that were not influenced by European systems of government.

Courts of some type have been consistent features of many societies.

This case established the judiciary as equal to the executive and legislative branches of the government.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice Earl Warren established the principle of judicial review.

Ancient European courts were convened only to dispense justice.

In this pair of nineteenth-century cases, the Marshall court upheld this clause found in Article VI of the Constitution.

What effect did the early English Court of the Star Chamber have on modern courts?

The settlement of this type of disagreement is based on vengeance.

In 1166, this law was enacted to correct some of the problems of the judicial process.

List three types of courts that can be found in state court systems.

What is a wergeld or bot an example of?

Because each of the 13 colonies was established under different conditions, the systems of government, and courts, tended to vary widely.

This 1896 Supreme Court decision mandated "separate but equal," forming the basis for the south's Jim Crow laws.

Violations of criminal law are punishable by imprisonment.

This can be considered the first type of jury.

U.S. district courts try civil cases in which the amount of money in controversy exceeds $75,000.

The United States has no centralized court system.

Courts are a result of the increasing sophistication of societies in which a was necessary.

This means "friend of the court."

The three types of jurisdiction are .