Exam 2: Evidence-Based Public Health

Which of the following ancillary or supportive criteria is addressed in this statement: The relative risk or odds ratio for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infants who sleep prone is approximately 6?

Which of the following ancillary or supportive criteria is addressed in this statement: The mechanism that predisposes some infants to SIDS is unknown, but active research is beginning to identify predisposing factors related to brain development?

Which of the following is true of a primary intervention?

If insulin is recommended for a diabetic patient with symptoms to prevent complications, this would be an example of which type of intervention?

If an asymptomatic patient older than 50 years is offered a test to detect colon cancer, which, if completed, will reduce the cost of his or her health insurance, this would be an example of which type of intervention?

Which of the following ancillary or supportive criteria is addressed in this statement: Infants who are put to bed prone less than half the time have an increased incidence of SIDS compared to those who are never put to bed prone. Those who are always put to bed prone have an increased incidence of SIDS compared to those who are put to bed prone less than half the time?

The statement "The Back-to-Sleep campaign directed information at parents and caregivers with the involvement of clinicians, crib manufacturers, and the media. The mortality from SIDS fell by approximately 50% within several years of the beginning of the Back-to-Sleep campaign" is best described as which component of the evidence-based public health approach?

Which of the following roles does a population comparison or ecological study primarily play in establishing contributory cause?

The statement "Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the most common cause of death between age 1 month and 1 year. Twenty years ago, it resulted in over 5,000 deaths per year" is best described as which component of the evidence-based public health approach?

Using the table of classification of recommendations, indicate how the following evidence should be graded: Well-conducted, randomized controlled trials and over a decade of use in clinical practice indicate that a large proportion of breast cancer can be cured among women with early breast cancer if the treatment is used on women with early breast cancer. $\text { Classification of Recommendations }$ Quality of the Evidence Net Benefit Substantial Net Benefit Moderate Net Benefit Small Net Benefit Zero/negative Good A B C D Fair B B C D Poor I I I I $\text { Adapted from United States Preventive Services Task Force. }$

Which of the following roles does a cohort study primarily play in establishing contributory cause?

An association between populations that eat more fish and a lower mortality rate from coronary heart disease in the same population would establish which of the following?

If vaccination for meningococcal meningitis is required of all entering college students, this would be an example of which type of intervention?

When Ebola patients are quarantined for 3 weeks to ensure that they do not expose others, this would be an example of which type of intervention?

Using the table of classification of recommendations, indicate how the following evidence should be graded: Expert opinion suggests a large impact of a new intervention to cure breast cancer. $\text { Classification of Recommendations }$ Quality of the Evidence Net Benefit Substantial Net Benefit Moderate Net Benefit Small Net Benefit Zero/negative Good A B C D Fair B B C D Poor I I I I $\text { Adapted from United States Preventive Services Task Force. }$

Which of the following roles does a case-control study primarily play in establishing contributory cause?

The statement "The guidance for having infants sleep on their backs to reduce the incidence of SIDS has a grade of A" is best described as which component of the evidence-based public health approach?

Which of the following roles does a natural experiment primarily play in establishing contributory cause?

The statement "Case-control studies were important in establishing a cause and effect relationship between having infants sleep prone and sudden infant death syndrome" is best described as which component of the evidence-based public health approach?

Using the table of classification of recommendations, indicate how the following evidence should be graded: On the basis of good evidence, it is concluded that a new treatment cures approximately the same percentage of patients as the standard treatment but has a substantial increase in side effects. $\text { Classification of Recommendations }$ Quality of the Evidence Net Benefit Substantial Net Benefit Moderate Net Benefit Small Net Benefit Zero/negative Good A B C D Fair B B C D Poor I I I I $\text { Adapted from United States Preventive Services Task Force. }$