Question 1

The change in characteristics of a population of organisms from generation to generation is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  resistance to pesticides. 
B)  biological evolution. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  phenotype variation. 
E)  vestigial structures. 
A)  resistance to pesticides. 
B)  biological evolution. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  phenotype variation. 
E)  vestigial structures. B

Question 2

A homeowner is having problems with cockroaches. They have a pest control service spray a pesticide to kill the cockroaches. Some cockroaches survive. Which statement best explains what occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  The population of cockroaches developed resistance to the pesticide. 
B)  The individuals that survived will die within a few days. 
C)  The population developed resistance due to developmental changes. 
D)  The individuals that survived will likely produce offspring with a resistance to the pesticide. 
E)  The cockroaches that died had a high doses response. 
A)  The population of cockroaches developed resistance to the pesticide. 
B)  The individuals that survived will die within a few days. 
C)  The population developed resistance due to developmental changes. 
D)  The individuals that survived will likely produce offspring with a resistance to the pesticide. 
E)  The cockroaches that died had a high doses response. C

Question 3

What is generation time compared to clock or calendar time in terms of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Generation time is the average time from birth to reproduction. This is different from clock or calendar time in that species have different reproduction rates (e.g., the generation of an insect is shorter than that of a human). In evolution, the more generations in a year, the more evolutionary changes can occur at a faster rate.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about mutations is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutations occur deliberately because of errors in the replication of DNA. 
B)  The total collection of the alleles will contain high frequencies of alleles that came about by mutation. 
C)  Mutations occur quickly from generation to generation and are immediately expressed in phenotypes. 
D)  Mutations occur randomly and some mutations are responsible for dramatic changes in phenotype. 
E)  Phenotype changes that occur via mutations are always small changes. 
A)  Mutations occur deliberately because of errors in the replication of DNA. 
B)  The total collection of the alleles will contain high frequencies of alleles that came about by mutation. 
C)  Mutations occur quickly from generation to generation and are immediately expressed in phenotypes. 
D)  Mutations occur randomly and some mutations are responsible for dramatic changes in phenotype. 
E)  Phenotype changes that occur via mutations are always small changes.

Question 5

Some agricultural students conducted a study on the response of a common garden pest to a pesticide. They examined the genetic makeup of the pest and reported the data in the table below. Choose the best conclusion based on the data. [Note: The "X" and "O" represent individuals of the population. The pesticide was applied to Generation 1 and 2.]

Accepted Answer

A)  Between G1 and G2 the individuals all became resistant to the pesticide and in G3 they all continued to survive. 
B)  Individuals labeled X carry the heritable trait that provides resistance to the pesticide. 
C)  Individuals labeled O do not carry the heritable trait that provides resistance to the pesticide. 
D)  The pesticide does not affect the individuals which is why they continue through generations. 
E)  In G1 the Xs that do not contain the heritable trait of resistance died; in G2 those with the trait reproduced, so that by G3 only individuals with the trait survived. 
A)  Between G1 and G2 the individuals all became resistant to the pesticide and in G3 they all continued to survive. 
B)  Individuals labeled X carry the heritable trait that provides resistance to the pesticide. 
C)  Individuals labeled O do not carry the heritable trait that provides resistance to the pesticide. 
D)  The pesticide does not affect the individuals which is why they continue through generations. 
E)  In G1 the Xs that do not contain the heritable trait of resistance died; in G2 those with the trait reproduced, so that by G3 only individuals with the trait survived.

Question 6

Interpret the graph below.

Accepted Answer

A)  The graph shows that at a 100% dose of the pesticide the entire population will survive. 
B)  The graph shows that at the dose of 40%, 40% of the population dies. 
C)  The graph shows that at the dose of 40%, 100% of the population dies. 
D)  The graph shows the LD50 which represents the dose at which 40% of the population survives. 
E)  The graph shows the LD50 which represents the dose at which the population can handle the dose without any negative effects. 
A)  The graph shows that at a 100% dose of the pesticide the entire population will survive. 
B)  The graph shows that at the dose of 40%, 40% of the population dies. 
C)  The graph shows that at the dose of 40%, 100% of the population dies. 
D)  The graph shows the LD50 which represents the dose at which 40% of the population survives. 
E)  The graph shows the LD50 which represents the dose at which the population can handle the dose without any negative effects.

Question 7

Which of the following statements best explains the phrase: "Move, adapt, or die."?

Accepted Answer

A)  These options are most important for species or populations that are thriving but might be in danger in the future. 
B)  These options best describe the genetic make-up of species and populations. 
C)  These are not the only options organisms have when there are changes in their environment. 
D)  These options are critically important when the species or populations involved are rare, unique, or vulnerable to extinction. 
E)  These options describe the factors involved in characterizing population parameters. 
A)  These options are most important for species or populations that are thriving but might be in danger in the future. 
B)  These options best describe the genetic make-up of species and populations. 
C)  These are not the only options organisms have when there are changes in their environment. 
D)  These options are critically important when the species or populations involved are rare, unique, or vulnerable to extinction. 
E)  These options describe the factors involved in characterizing population parameters.

Question 8

The process by which traits become more or less common in a population due to consistent effects upon the survival or reproduction is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  speciation. 
E)  random mutation. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  speciation. 
E)  random mutation.

Question 9

Which of the following would not cause two groups of the same species to diverge, resulting in speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The development of different mating behavior 
B)  A physical incompatibility 
C)  Geographic isolation 
D)  A gradual preference for a different location 
E)  All of the above could be mechanisms for speciation. 
A)  The development of different mating behavior 
B)  A physical incompatibility 
C)  Geographic isolation 
D)  A gradual preference for a different location 
E)  All of the above could be mechanisms for speciation.

Question 10

A change in the _______ is an environmental change that can cause evolutionary changes in organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of a natural resource 
B)  number of pests 
C)  distribution of predators 
D)  number of competitors of a natural resource 
E)  All of the above 
A)  amount of a natural resource 
B)  number of pests 
C)  distribution of predators 
D)  number of competitors of a natural resource 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

A tool of husbandry and agriculture that directs evolution in a specific way to benefit humans is called

Accepted Answer

A)  speciation. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  selective breeding. 
D)  genetic drift. 
E)  mutations. 
A)  speciation. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  selective breeding. 
D)  genetic drift. 
E)  mutations.

Question 12

A population of beetles has mostly green beetles and some black beetles. Birds seem to eat the green beetles more often than the black. What can you predict might happen to the population of beetles over time?

Accepted Answer

As more green beetles continue to be eat

Question 13

Compare and contrast genetic and phenotypic variation.

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation is a measure of the di

Question 14

Which factor affecting the rate of evolution in a population is considered the ultimate source of variation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic variation 
B)  Mutations 
C)  The size of a population 
D)  How isolated a population is 
E)  Phenotype expression 
A)  Genetic variation 
B)  Mutations 
C)  The size of a population 
D)  How isolated a population is 
E)  Phenotype expression

Question 15

The rate of evolution is affected by the following factors: genetic variation, rate of mutation, how isolated a population is, and the size of a population. It is said that the size of a population determines the rate at which genetic variation is lost by chance (genetic drift). Are larger or smaller populations more affected by genetic drift? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Smaller populations are more affected by

Question 16

A measure of how closely related individuals are similar to one another, even if they have developed in different environments, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the heritability of character. 
B)  the measurement of vestigial characteristic. 
C)  the karyotype. 
D)  speciation. 
E)  natural selection. 
A)  the heritability of character. 
B)  the measurement of vestigial characteristic. 
C)  the karyotype. 
D)  speciation. 
E)  natural selection.

Question 17

Explain the statement: "Human activities impact the environment in ways that impact the physical conditions of organisms but also lead to evolutionary changes of biological populations."

Accepted Answer

Humans can impact physical conditions of

Question 18

You are preparing a presentation on the evolution of giraffes. Which of the following statements best points out how natural selection was involved in the formation of the long necks of giraffes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Long-necked giraffes did not reproduce with shorter-necked giraffes. 
B)  Giraffes grew long necks from stretching to reach leaves on trees. 
C)  Giraffes with longer necks survived because they were better suited to the environment. 
D)  Long-necked giraffes were able to run faster to avoid predation. 
E)  Short-necked giraffes had the advantage but went extinct due to a major disaster. 
A)  Long-necked giraffes did not reproduce with shorter-necked giraffes. 
B)  Giraffes grew long necks from stretching to reach leaves on trees. 
C)  Giraffes with longer necks survived because they were better suited to the environment. 
D)  Long-necked giraffes were able to run faster to avoid predation. 
E)  Short-necked giraffes had the advantage but went extinct due to a major disaster.

Question 19

_______ has led to the variety of life on Earth that is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolution; biodiversity 
B)  Evolution; natural selection 
C)  Biodiversity; evolution 
D)  Natural selection; evolution 
E)  Biodiversity; natural selection 
A)  Evolution; biodiversity 
B)  Evolution; natural selection 
C)  Biodiversity; evolution 
D)  Natural selection; evolution 
E)  Biodiversity; natural selection

Question 20

How can the fossil record be used as evidence of evolution?

Accepted Answer

The fossil record provides evidence of e

The change in characteristics of a population of organisms from generation to generation is termed

A homeowner is having problems with cockroaches. They have a pest control service spray a pesticide to kill the cockroaches. Some cockroaches survive. Which statement best explains what occurred?

What is generation time compared to clock or calendar time in terms of evolution?

Which of the following statements about mutations is true?

Interpret the graph below.

Which of the following statements best explains the phrase: "Move, adapt, or die."?

The process by which traits become more or less common in a population due to consistent effects upon the survival or reproduction is termed

Which of the following would not cause two groups of the same species to diverge, resulting in speciation?

A change in the _______ is an environmental change that can cause evolutionary changes in organisms.

A tool of husbandry and agriculture that directs evolution in a specific way to benefit humans is called

A population of beetles has mostly green beetles and some black beetles. Birds seem to eat the green beetles more often than the black. What can you predict might happen to the population of beetles over time?

Compare and contrast genetic and phenotypic variation.

Which factor affecting the rate of evolution in a population is considered the ultimate source of variation?

A measure of how closely related individuals are similar to one another, even if they have developed in different environments, is called

Explain the statement: "Human activities impact the environment in ways that impact the physical conditions of organisms but also lead to evolutionary changes of biological populations."

You are preparing a presentation on the evolution of giraffes. Which of the following statements best points out how natural selection was involved in the formation of the long necks of giraffes?

_ has led to the variety of life on Earth that is called _.

How can the fossil record be used as evidence of evolution?

The Scientific Method

Risk and Uncertainty

Biodiversity

Human Population Dynamics

Endangered Species

Interactions Among Species

Natural Resource Use and Planning

Energy Resources

Water Resources

Waste Management

Atmosphere and Climate

Air Pollution

Policy, Ethics, and Decision-Making

Filters

Exam 4: Evolutionary Responses

The change in characteristics of a population of organisms from generation to generation is termed

A homeowner is having problems with cockroaches. They have a pest control service spray a pesticide to kill the cockroaches. Some cockroaches survive. Which statement best explains what occurred?

What is generation time compared to clock or calendar time in terms of evolution?

Which of the following statements about mutations is true?

Interpret the graph below.

Which of the following statements best explains the phrase: "Move, adapt, or die."?

The process by which traits become more or less common in a population due to consistent effects upon the survival or reproduction is termed

Which of the following would not cause two groups of the same species to diverge, resulting in speciation?

A change in the _______ is an environmental change that can cause evolutionary changes in organisms.

A tool of husbandry and agriculture that directs evolution in a specific way to benefit humans is called

A population of beetles has mostly green beetles and some black beetles. Birds seem to eat the green beetles more often than the black. What can you predict might happen to the population of beetles over time?

Compare and contrast genetic and phenotypic variation.

Which factor affecting the rate of evolution in a population is considered the ultimate source of variation?

A measure of how closely related individuals are similar to one another, even if they have developed in different environments, is called

Explain the statement: "Human activities impact the environment in ways that impact the physical conditions of organisms but also lead to evolutionary changes of biological populations."

You are preparing a presentation on the evolution of giraffes. Which of the following statements best points out how natural selection was involved in the formation of the long necks of giraffes?

_______ has led to the variety of life on Earth that is called _______.

How can the fossil record be used as evidence of evolution?

The Scientific Method

Risk and Uncertainty

Biodiversity

Human Population Dynamics

Endangered Species

Interactions Among Species

Natural Resource Use and Planning

Energy Resources

Water Resources

Waste Management

Atmosphere and Climate

Air Pollution

Policy, Ethics, and Decision-Making

Filters

_ has led to the variety of life on Earth that is called _.