Question 1

The earliest programs based implicitly or explicitly on differential association focused on the treatment of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  juvenile delinquents 
B)  felons 
C)  alcoholics 
D)  the mentally ill 
A)  juvenile delinquents 
B)  felons 
C)  alcoholics 
D)  the mentally ill A

Question 2

Studies on using differential association and social learning theories to explain gender disparities in deviance suggest that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  these theories account for most gender disparities in deviant behavior 
B)  these theories are unable to explain gender disparities in deviant behavior 
C)  more research is required before we can draw a conclusion 
D)  meta-analysis alone cannot determine if these theories explain gender disparities in deviance 
A)  these theories account for most gender disparities in deviant behavior 
B)  these theories are unable to explain gender disparities in deviant behavior 
C)  more research is required before we can draw a conclusion 
D)  meta-analysis alone cannot determine if these theories explain gender disparities in deviance C

Question 3

Today, even those interested in biological predictors of crime and deviance do not argue that behavior is inherited, but rather they say that there may be predispositions that make some folks more likely to engage in behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

"Differential location in the social structure" refers to the social and demographic characteristics of individuals defining roles in the larger social structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Betty watches her father smoking his cigarettes, and she pretends her drinking straw is a cigarette. What part of social learning theory does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  rationalization 
B)  differential reinforcement 
C)  differential association 
D)  imitation 
A)  rationalization 
B)  differential reinforcement 
C)  differential association 
D)  imitation

Question 6

Social learning theories are criticized for a tendency to focus on ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  drug addicts 
B)  juvenile delinquents 
C)  institutionalized offenders 
D)  newborns and toddlers 
A)  drug addicts 
B)  juvenile delinquents 
C)  institutionalized offenders 
D)  newborns and toddlers

Question 7

Akers developed the differential association theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Differential Association Theory incorporated elements of Social Learning Theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

During the Nuremberg trials, many high-ranking Nazis insisted that they were just following orders. Which technique of neutralization does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  denial of responsibility 
B)  denial of injury 
C)  denial of victims 
D)  condemnation of the condemners 
A)  denial of responsibility 
B)  denial of injury 
C)  denial of victims 
D)  condemnation of the condemners

Question 10

Social learning theories argue that social behavior is observed and imitated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Differential association theories are frequently used to understand the actions of serial killers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is one of Sutherland's nine propositions of differential association theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differential association may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. 
B)  Mechanisms involved in learning crime are fundamentally different from those involved in other learning. 
C)  Some individuals are psychologically predisposed to engage in deviant behavior. 
D)  Criminal behavior is a rational choice that offenders make when provided with a specific set of circumstances. 
A)  Differential association may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. 
B)  Mechanisms involved in learning crime are fundamentally different from those involved in other learning. 
C)  Some individuals are psychologically predisposed to engage in deviant behavior. 
D)  Criminal behavior is a rational choice that offenders make when provided with a specific set of circumstances.

Question 13

Cultural deviance theorists might examine how people learn to tolerate, justify, and approve of deviant activities in youth gangs based on subcultural norms that accept theft and violence as necessary for survival.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What are some critiques of differential association and social learning theories?

Accepted Answer

The theories may be criticized for (1) b

Question 15

Outline Akers' Social Structure and Social Learning (SSSL) Theory.

Accepted Answer

The primary idea of SSSL Theory is that

Question 16

The idea that robbery is more likely to occur when it is frequently reinforced, infrequently punished, and results in large amounts of money is consistent with ______ Theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social Learning 
B)  Differential Social Location 
C)  Techniques of Neutralization 
D)  Differential Association 
A)  Social Learning 
B)  Differential Social Location 
C)  Techniques of Neutralization 
D)  Differential Association

Question 17

Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street provided support for ______ explanations of crime and deviance.

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning 
B)  subcultural 
C)  differential association 
D)  feminist 
A)  social learning 
B)  subcultural 
C)  differential association 
D)  feminist

Question 18

Describe the four central concepts of Akers' Social Learning Theory.

Accepted Answer

Definitions of attitudes, beliefs, ratio

Question 19

The phrase "everybody's picking on me" sums up which technique of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

A)  denial of responsibility 
B)  denial of injury 
C)  denial of victims 
D)  condemnation of the condemners 
A)  denial of responsibility 
B)  denial of injury 
C)  denial of victims 
D)  condemnation of the condemners

Question 20

Akers et al. (1998) conducted a Midwest self-report study on drug use, finding that social learning variables were predictive of which substance use?

Accepted Answer

A)  heroin and methamphetamine 
B)  methamphetamine and alcohol 
C)  alcohol and marijuana 
D)  cocaine and heroin 
A)  heroin and methamphetamine 
B)  methamphetamine and alcohol 
C)  alcohol and marijuana 
D)  cocaine and heroin

The earliest programs based implicitly or explicitly on differential association focused on the treatment of ______.

Studies on using differential association and social learning theories to explain gender disparities in deviance suggest that ______.

Today, even those interested in biological predictors of crime and deviance do not argue that behavior is inherited, but rather they say that there may be predispositions that make some folks more likely to engage in behavior.

"Differential location in the social structure" refers to the social and demographic characteristics of individuals defining roles in the larger social structure.

Betty watches her father smoking his cigarettes, and she pretends her drinking straw is a cigarette. What part of social learning theory does this illustrate?

Social learning theories are criticized for a tendency to focus on ______.

Akers developed the differential association theory.

Differential Association Theory incorporated elements of Social Learning Theory.

During the Nuremberg trials, many high-ranking Nazis insisted that they were just following orders. Which technique of neutralization does this illustrate?

Social learning theories argue that social behavior is observed and imitated.

Differential association theories are frequently used to understand the actions of serial killers.

Which of the following is one of Sutherland's nine propositions of differential association theory?

Cultural deviance theorists might examine how people learn to tolerate, justify, and approve of deviant activities in youth gangs based on subcultural norms that accept theft and violence as necessary for survival.

What are some critiques of differential association and social learning theories?

Outline Akers' Social Structure and Social Learning (SSSL) Theory.

The idea that robbery is more likely to occur when it is frequently reinforced, infrequently punished, and results in large amounts of money is consistent with ______ Theory.

Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street provided support for ______ explanations of crime and deviance.

Describe the four central concepts of Akers' Social Learning Theory.

The phrase "everybody's picking on me" sums up which technique of neutralization?

Akers et al. (1998) conducted a Midwest self-report study on drug use, finding that social learning variables were predictive of which substance use?

Introduction to Deviance

The Diversity of Deviance

Researching Deviance

Anomiestrain Theory

Social Disorganization Theory

Social Control Theories of Deviance

Labeling Theory

Marxist and Conflict Theories of Deviance

Critical Theories of Deviance

Societal Responses to Deviance

Deviant Careers and Career Deviance

Filters

Exam 6: Differential Association and Social Learning Theories

The earliest programs based implicitly or explicitly on differential association focused on the treatment of ______.

Studies on using differential association and social learning theories to explain gender disparities in deviance suggest that ______.

Today, even those interested in biological predictors of crime and deviance do not argue that behavior is inherited, but rather they say that there may be predispositions that make some folks more likely to engage in behavior.

"Differential location in the social structure" refers to the social and demographic characteristics of individuals defining roles in the larger social structure.

Betty watches her father smoking his cigarettes, and she pretends her drinking straw is a cigarette. What part of social learning theory does this illustrate?

Social learning theories are criticized for a tendency to focus on ______.

Akers developed the differential association theory.

Differential Association Theory incorporated elements of Social Learning Theory.

During the Nuremberg trials, many high-ranking Nazis insisted that they were just following orders. Which technique of neutralization does this illustrate?

Social learning theories argue that social behavior is observed and imitated.

Differential association theories are frequently used to understand the actions of serial killers.

Which of the following is one of Sutherland's nine propositions of differential association theory?

Cultural deviance theorists might examine how people learn to tolerate, justify, and approve of deviant activities in youth gangs based on subcultural norms that accept theft and violence as necessary for survival.

What are some critiques of differential association and social learning theories?

Outline Akers' Social Structure and Social Learning (SSSL) Theory.

The idea that robbery is more likely to occur when it is frequently reinforced, infrequently punished, and results in large amounts of money is consistent with ______ Theory.

Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street provided support for ______ explanations of crime and deviance.

Describe the four central concepts of Akers' Social Learning Theory.

The phrase "everybody's picking on me" sums up which technique of neutralization?

Akers et al. (1998) conducted a Midwest self-report study on drug use, finding that social learning variables were predictive of which substance use?

Introduction to Deviance

The Diversity of Deviance

Researching Deviance

Anomiestrain Theory

Social Disorganization Theory

Social Control Theories of Deviance

Labeling Theory

Marxist and Conflict Theories of Deviance

Critical Theories of Deviance

Societal Responses to Deviance

Deviant Careers and Career Deviance

Filters