Exam 4: General Macro-Level Theories and Modern-Day Applications

Which of the following theories is an exception to the tendency of scholars to ignore existing theories when developing new perspectives on gangs and delinquency?

All of the following are components of collective efficacy EXCEPT ______.

Social disorganization theory is equally applicable to cities of all sizes.

It is implied that Thrasher's (1927, 2000) term "interstitial" is borrowed from what discipline?

Law enforcement personnel stipulate that the release of prison inmates and high rates of drug trafficking are the factors that most significantly influence gang violence in communities.

Define social control and discuss its relationship to delinquency in Thrasher's (1927, 2000) social disorganization theory.

Did all four regions of the country equally experience the five stages of gang development? Why or why not?

Papachristos and Kirk (2006) assert that social disorganization theory ______.

Which of the following is the stage in which youth gangs are believed to form, as aided by the development of subcultures?

Conflict theory is most associated with what experience?

All of the following are critiques that have been levied against Thrasher's (1927, 2000) gang social disorganization theory EXCEPT ______.

Which of the following are ways to describe theories that concern themselves with characteristics of delimited geographic areas (e.g., neighborhood, census tract, and state) that are related to crime?

Discordant findings about the effects of key social disorganization variables on gang and non-gang violence have been attributed to all of the following EXCEPT ______

Which of the following is a theory that claims that in inner-city Black neighborhoods, deindustrialization has led to the isolation and disadvantage of minorities who did not benefit from economic restructuring?

Which of the following are components of Stage 4 of gang development?

Shaw and McKay's (1942) findings implied that the processes that lead to criminal activity most closely parallel those that determine the area's ______.

Rap lyrics have always glorified delinquency and gang lifestyles.

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of gang development in the United States?