Question 1

Which of the following best describes matters of fact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relations of ideas are those ideas we arrive at through sensation 
B)  Relations of ideas are those ideas we arrive at through reasoning about causes and effects 
C)  Relations of ideas can be established through thought alone, through demonstrative reasoning 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Relations of ideas are those ideas we arrive at through sensation 
B)  Relations of ideas are those ideas we arrive at through reasoning about causes and effects 
C)  Relations of ideas can be established through thought alone, through demonstrative reasoning 
D)  None of the above

Question 2

Which of the following does Graham not list as a requirement for knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Truth. 
B)  Belief. 
C)  Certainty. 
D)  Justification. 
A)  Truth. 
B)  Belief. 
C)  Certainty. 
D)  Justification.

Question 3

According to DeRose and Warfield, skeptical hypotheses are meant to explain

Accepted Answer

A)  how an evil demon could be deceiving you right now. 
B)  how to know that something is true with absolute certainty. 
C)  how we might be wrong about what we think we know. 
D)  how knowledge is possible for finite creatures like us. 
A)  how an evil demon could be deceiving you right now. 
B)  how to know that something is true with absolute certainty. 
C)  how we might be wrong about what we think we know. 
D)  how knowledge is possible for finite creatures like us.

Question 4

Barry Stroud believes that skeptical arguments

Accepted Answer

A)  are utterly unconvincing. 
B)  raise a problem about the human condition. 
C)  establish their conclusion, being valid arguments with true premises. 
D)  are interesting, but should not be taken seriously. 
A)  are utterly unconvincing. 
B)  raise a problem about the human condition. 
C)  establish their conclusion, being valid arguments with true premises. 
D)  are interesting, but should not be taken seriously.

Question 5

According to Hume, we can't get an impression of a necessary connection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

After presenting her hypothesis, the skeptic may begin by asserting that

Accepted Answer

A)  we can't rule out her hypothesis. 
B)  her hypothesis is possibly true. 
C)  we don't know that her hypothesis is false. 
D)  any of the above. 
A)  we can't rule out her hypothesis. 
B)  her hypothesis is possibly true. 
C)  we don't know that her hypothesis is false. 
D)  any of the above.

Question 7

What is the source of our error, for Descartes?

Accepted Answer

A)  An evil demon that deceives us 
B)  Impatience 
C)  The fact that there is no God to make things certain for us 
D)  Extending the will beyond the scope of our understanding 
A)  An evil demon that deceives us 
B)  Impatience 
C)  The fact that there is no God to make things certain for us 
D)  Extending the will beyond the scope of our understanding

Question 8

Which of the following isn't a kind of inference that Salmon talks about?

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid deductive inference 
B)  Correct inductive inference 
C)  Assorted fallacies 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Valid deductive inference 
B)  Correct inductive inference 
C)  Assorted fallacies 
D)  None of the above

Question 9

What do the prisoners in the cave think is real?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sun, outside the cave 
B)  The objects that cast the shadows on the way they look at 
C)  The shadows with which they're acquainted 
D)  The form of the good 
A)  The sun, outside the cave 
B)  The objects that cast the shadows on the way they look at 
C)  The shadows with which they're acquainted 
D)  The form of the good

Question 10

For Descartes, how are physical objects, like wax, grasped?

Accepted Answer

A)  Through the senses 
B)  They are given to us through God's will 
C)  Through the understanding 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Through the senses 
B)  They are given to us through God's will 
C)  Through the understanding 
D)  None of the above

Question 11

How does Plato think our situation is like those of the prisoners in the cave?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be difficult for us to learn of the intelligible realm 
B)  We're acquainted with the visible realm but can achieve knowledge of the intelligible realm 
C)  Once we learn of the intelligible realm, we'll be reluctant to occupy ourselves with human affairs 
D)  All of the above 
A)  It will be difficult for us to learn of the intelligible realm 
B)  We're acquainted with the visible realm but can achieve knowledge of the intelligible realm 
C)  Once we learn of the intelligible realm, we'll be reluctant to occupy ourselves with human affairs 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

According to Descartes, the real world hypothesis is better than skeptical hypotheses because

Accepted Answer

A)  we do in fact know that we aren't dreaming. 
B)  we can know that God exists and would not allow us to be so massively deceived. 
C)  the real world hypothesis is simpler. 
D)  skeptical hypotheses are incredibly far-fetched. 
A)  we do in fact know that we aren't dreaming. 
B)  we can know that God exists and would not allow us to be so massively deceived. 
C)  the real world hypothesis is simpler. 
D)  skeptical hypotheses are incredibly far-fetched.

Question 13

According to J.L Austin, the best explanation standard is incorrect because

Accepted Answer

A)  we only need to consider relevant alternative explanations. 
B)  it does not specify what makes one explanation better or worse than another. 
C)  sometimes the best explanations are false. 
D)  young children can't explain their evidence but still have knowledge. 
A)  we only need to consider relevant alternative explanations. 
B)  it does not specify what makes one explanation better or worse than another. 
C)  sometimes the best explanations are false. 
D)  young children can't explain their evidence but still have knowledge.

Question 14

According to Moore's response, skeptical arguments are unconvincing because

Accepted Answer

A)  their premises are less plausible than the denial of their conclusion. 
B)  the argument commits a logical fallacy. 
C)  skeptical scenarios are too farfetched. 
D)  the skeptic can't prove that the skeptical scenarios are true. 
A)  their premises are less plausible than the denial of their conclusion. 
B)  the argument commits a logical fallacy. 
C)  skeptical scenarios are too farfetched. 
D)  the skeptic can't prove that the skeptical scenarios are true.

Question 15

When wax melts, according to Descartes, it ceases to remain the same thing-its identity changes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to the "Aw, Come On!" response, skeptical arguments are

Accepted Answer

A)  farfetched, ridiculously weak, and unthreatening. 
B)  logically invalid. 
C)  not really arguments at all but mere assertions. 
D)  sound. 
A)  farfetched, ridiculously weak, and unthreatening. 
B)  logically invalid. 
C)  not really arguments at all but mere assertions. 
D)  sound.

Question 17

Which of the following principles did Kant propose to handle Hume's problem of induction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The principle of probability 
B)  The principle of uniformity of nature 
C)  The principle of alternative possibilities 
D)  The principle of universal causation 
A)  The principle of probability 
B)  The principle of uniformity of nature 
C)  The principle of alternative possibilities 
D)  The principle of universal causation

Question 18

For Hume, we can only gain knowledge of matters of fact through . . .

Accepted Answer

A)  Resemblance 
B)  Demonstrative reasoning 
C)  Experience 
D)  Mixed mathematics 
A)  Resemblance 
B)  Demonstrative reasoning 
C)  Experience 
D)  Mixed mathematics

Question 19

Why can't induction be justified inductively?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because induction is deductive 
B)  Because the principle of uniformity is false 
C)  Because this would be a viciously circular way to justify induction 
D)  Because it must be justified through the hypothetico-deductive method 
A)  Because induction is deductive 
B)  Because the principle of uniformity is false 
C)  Because this would be a viciously circular way to justify induction 
D)  Because it must be justified through the hypothetico-deductive method

Question 20

Which of the following best describes why Descartes concludes he must exist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descartes doesn't think he must exist 
B)  God exists 
C)  He has a body 
D)  He thinks 
A)  Descartes doesn't think he must exist 
B)  God exists 
C)  He has a body 
D)  He thinks

Which of the following best describes matters of fact?

Which of the following does Graham not list as a requirement for knowledge?

According to DeRose and Warfield, skeptical hypotheses are meant to explain

Barry Stroud believes that skeptical arguments

According to Hume, we can't get an impression of a necessary connection.

After presenting her hypothesis, the skeptic may begin by asserting that

What is the source of our error, for Descartes?

Which of the following isn't a kind of inference that Salmon talks about?

What do the prisoners in the cave think is real?

For Descartes, how are physical objects, like wax, grasped?

How does Plato think our situation is like those of the prisoners in the cave?

According to Descartes, the real world hypothesis is better than skeptical hypotheses because

According to J.L Austin, the best explanation standard is incorrect because

According to Moore's response, skeptical arguments are unconvincing because

When wax melts, according to Descartes, it ceases to remain the same thing-its identity changes.

According to the "Aw, Come On!" response, skeptical arguments are

Which of the following principles did Kant propose to handle Hume's problem of induction?

For Hume, we can only gain knowledge of matters of fact through . . .

Why can't induction be justified inductively?

Which of the following best describes why Descartes concludes he must exist?

Philosophy

God and Evil

Minds, Bodies, and Persons

Ethics and Society

Existential Issues

Filters

Exam 3: Knowledge and Reality

Which of the following best describes matters of fact?

Which of the following does Graham not list as a requirement for knowledge?

According to DeRose and Warfield, skeptical hypotheses are meant to explain

Barry Stroud believes that skeptical arguments

According to Hume, we can't get an impression of a necessary connection.

After presenting her hypothesis, the skeptic may begin by asserting that

What is the source of our error, for Descartes?

Which of the following isn't a kind of inference that Salmon talks about?

What do the prisoners in the cave think is real?

For Descartes, how are physical objects, like wax, grasped?

How does Plato think our situation is like those of the prisoners in the cave?

According to Descartes, the real world hypothesis is better than skeptical hypotheses because

According to J.L Austin, the best explanation standard is incorrect because

According to Moore's response, skeptical arguments are unconvincing because

When wax melts, according to Descartes, it ceases to remain the same thing-its identity changes.

According to the "Aw, Come On!" response, skeptical arguments are

Which of the following principles did Kant propose to handle Hume's problem of induction?

For Hume, we can only gain knowledge of matters of fact through . . .

Why can't induction be justified inductively?

Which of the following best describes why Descartes concludes he must exist?

Philosophy

God and Evil

Minds, Bodies, and Persons

Ethics and Society

Existential Issues

Filters