Question 1

__________ occurs when outliers move closer to the mean on subsequent testing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal distribution 
B)  Statistical regression 
C)  Validity 
D)  Selection bias 
A)  Normal distribution 
B)  Statistical regression 
C)  Validity 
D)  Selection bias B

Question 2

Which of the following is false regarding internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal validity exists when a relationship between two variables is causal. 
B)  In other words, each of the variables must vary together. 
C)  However, the direction of the change between variables does matter. 
D)  The covariance between variables may result from some unknown variable(s) called exogenous variables. 
A)  Internal validity exists when a relationship between two variables is causal. 
B)  In other words, each of the variables must vary together. 
C)  However, the direction of the change between variables does matter. 
D)  The covariance between variables may result from some unknown variable(s) called exogenous variables. C

Question 3

Researchers can subconsciously and unintentionally make their research participants aware of the research hypotheses, which ultimately influences their behavior. This threat to internal validity refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  compensatory rivalry. 
B)  experimenter expectancy. 
C)  halo effect. 
D)  Hawthorne effect. 
A)  compensatory rivalry. 
B)  experimenter expectancy. 
C)  halo effect. 
D)  Hawthorne effect. C

Question 4

__________ in a research study is the external events that occur with potential to influence the findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ in a research study is the...

Question 5

__________ are the extreme values that jeopardize a normal distribution of data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ are the extreme values that jeopardize...

Question 6

Which of the following can be an example of history endangering internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina 
B)  Terrorist attack 
C)  Economic crisis 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina 
B)  Terrorist attack 
C)  Economic crisis 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

Criterion validity determines how well a measure covers the meanings included in the concept.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

__________lowers the level of internal validity when change in the measuring instrument is made between the applications.

Accepted Answer

A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Testing effect 
D)  Instrumentation 
A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Testing effect 
D)  Instrumentation

Question 9

__________ is the ability of a specific study outcome to be able to generalize to a larger population or setting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the ability of a specific...

Question 10

Qualitative researchers make observations more than one time, and the same result is obtained, which is called ___________ reliability.

Accepted Answer

A)  test-retest 
B)  intraobserver 
C)  interim 
D)  alternate-forms 
A)  test-retest 
B)  intraobserver 
C)  interim 
D)  alternate-forms

Question 11

__________ is a threat to internal validity when original participants in a study drop out, die, or are otherwise excluded from the research project before the study concludes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a threat to internal validity...

Question 12

__________ is a threat to internal validity when research participants learn too much information about the study.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 13

Testing effect is a problem when change in the measuring instrument is made between pretest and posttest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

One's hair color is not a predictor of future athletic success because it lacks __________ validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  external 
B)  criterion 
C)  construct 
D)  content 
A)  external 
B)  criterion 
C)  construct 
D)  content

Question 15

__________ is a label given when respondents acknowledge that they are being studied and somehow alter their normal behavior or opinion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a label given when respondents...

Question 16

__________ is when multiple measures of the constructs of a theory are related to one another in the expected direction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is when multiple measures of the...

Question 17

__________ validity is concerned with how well the study findings are generalizable to other settings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal 
B)  External 
C)  Statistical conclusion 
D)  Content 
A)  Internal 
B)  External 
C)  Statistical conclusion 
D)  Content

Question 18

Which of the following is closely related to the term reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consistency 
B)  Repeatability 
C)  Precision 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Consistency 
B)  Repeatability 
C)  Precision 
D)  All of the above

Question 19

__________ occurs when the research participants in the control group learn of special treatment given to the experimental group and alter their behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mortality 
B)  Diffusion of treatment 
C)  Compensatory rivalry 
D)  Experimenter expectancy 
A)  Mortality 
B)  Diffusion of treatment 
C)  Compensatory rivalry 
D)  Experimenter expectancy

Question 20

Which of the following can be a solution to testing effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random assignment 
B)  Altering the original questions with wording 
C)  Providing post-test 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Random assignment 
B)  Altering the original questions with wording 
C)  Providing post-test 
D)  All of the above

__________ occurs when outliers move closer to the mean on subsequent testing.

Which of the following is false regarding internal validity?

Researchers can subconsciously and unintentionally make their research participants aware of the research hypotheses, which ultimately influences their behavior. This threat to internal validity refers to

__________ in a research study is the external events that occur with potential to influence the findings.

__________ are the extreme values that jeopardize a normal distribution of data.

Which of the following can be an example of history endangering internal validity?

Criterion validity determines how well a measure covers the meanings included in the concept.

__________lowers the level of internal validity when change in the measuring instrument is made between the applications.

__________ is the ability of a specific study outcome to be able to generalize to a larger population or setting.

Qualitative researchers make observations more than one time, and the same result is obtained, which is called ___________ reliability.

__________ is a threat to internal validity when original participants in a study drop out, die, or are otherwise excluded from the research project before the study concludes.

__________ is a threat to internal validity when research participants learn too much information about the study.

Testing effect is a problem when change in the measuring instrument is made between pretest and posttest.

One's hair color is not a predictor of future athletic success because it lacks __________ validity.

__________ is a label given when respondents acknowledge that they are being studied and somehow alter their normal behavior or opinion.

__________ is when multiple measures of the constructs of a theory are related to one another in the expected direction.

__________ validity is concerned with how well the study findings are generalizable to other settings.

Which of the following is closely related to the term reliability?

__________ occurs when the research participants in the control group learn of special treatment given to the experimental group and alter their behavior.

Which of the following can be a solution to testing effect?

Why Research at All

The Stages of Research: A General Overview

Research Ethics

Qualitative Research Strategies

Research Designs and Survey Research

Mixed Methods

Sampling Strategies

Elementary and Intermediate Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Data Analysis

Beyond Research: An Aid to Writing Success

Filters

Exam 4: Validity and Reliability: Threats to Research Integrity

__________ occurs when outliers move closer to the mean on subsequent testing.

Which of the following is false regarding internal validity?

Researchers can subconsciously and unintentionally make their research participants aware of the research hypotheses, which ultimately influences their behavior. This threat to internal validity refers to

__________ in a research study is the external events that occur with potential to influence the findings.

__________ are the extreme values that jeopardize a normal distribution of data.

Which of the following can be an example of history endangering internal validity?

Criterion validity determines how well a measure covers the meanings included in the concept.

__________lowers the level of internal validity when change in the measuring instrument is made between the applications.

__________ is the ability of a specific study outcome to be able to generalize to a larger population or setting.

Qualitative researchers make observations more than one time, and the same result is obtained, which is called ___________ reliability.

__________ is a threat to internal validity when original participants in a study drop out, die, or are otherwise excluded from the research project before the study concludes.

__________ is a threat to internal validity when research participants learn too much information about the study.

Testing effect is a problem when change in the measuring instrument is made between pretest and posttest.

One's hair color is not a predictor of future athletic success because it lacks __________ validity.

__________ is a label given when respondents acknowledge that they are being studied and somehow alter their normal behavior or opinion.

__________ is when multiple measures of the constructs of a theory are related to one another in the expected direction.

__________ validity is concerned with how well the study findings are generalizable to other settings.

Which of the following is closely related to the term reliability?

__________ occurs when the research participants in the control group learn of special treatment given to the experimental group and alter their behavior.

Which of the following can be a solution to testing effect?

Why Research at All

The Stages of Research: A General Overview

Research Ethics

Qualitative Research Strategies

Research Designs and Survey Research

Mixed Methods

Sampling Strategies

Elementary and Intermediate Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Data Analysis

Beyond Research: An Aid to Writing Success

Filters