Question 1

__________ is any changes in the respondent due to maturity, socialization, age, or education, which can influence the findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is any changes in the respondent...

Question 2

Diffusion of treatment in regards to validity and reliability means that the stimulus in an experiment was administered on time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

__________ addresses if a relationship between two variables is causal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ addresses if a relationship between two...

Question 4

To determine reliability, researchers can take multiple questions when measuring the factor of interest, which is known as __________ reliability.

Accepted Answer

A)  test-retest 
B)  intraobserver 
C)  interim 
D)  alternate-forms 
A)  test-retest 
B)  intraobserver 
C)  interim 
D)  alternate-forms

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  External validity means the ability to generalize the current findings across types of persons, settings, and times. 
B)  Reactivity is a threat to external validity known as Hawthorne effect. 
C)  Another form of reactivity is the placebo effect. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  External validity means the ability to generalize the current findings across types of persons, settings, and times. 
B)  Reactivity is a threat to external validity known as Hawthorne effect. 
C)  Another form of reactivity is the placebo effect. 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

What is the simplest solution to statistical regression?

Accepted Answer

A)  To remove outliers from the study or convert outliers to the mean value. 
B)  To allow research participants to retake the exam until they are satisfied with their result 
C)  To retrieve another sample 
D)  There is no solution to statistical regression. 
A)  To remove outliers from the study or convert outliers to the mean value. 
B)  To allow research participants to retake the exam until they are satisfied with their result 
C)  To retrieve another sample 
D)  There is no solution to statistical regression.

Question 7

__________ utilizes a well-established measure to compare to an alternative measure that together provides more predictability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ utilizes a well-established measure to compare...

Question 8

Higher values of Cronbach's alpha represent higher reliability of a certain scale or index.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

__________ is a threat to the quality of a study when changes are made to the testing instrument.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a threat to the quality...

Question 10

Which of the following is false regarding maturation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation threatens internal validity mainly because research participants get older and experienced. 
B)  It is true that research participants' emotional make-up can influence a study's outcome. 
C)  There is no solution to maturation effects to interval validity. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Maturation threatens internal validity mainly because research participants get older and experienced. 
B)  It is true that research participants' emotional make-up can influence a study's outcome. 
C)  There is no solution to maturation effects to interval validity. 
D)  None of the above

Question 11

To reify something means to treat something that is not real as if it were real.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

More than one threat to internal validity can occur simultaneously, which can be named confounding interactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Oftentimes a single measure may not provide a true measure of a variable. In this case, researchers can combine several different measures together.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

__________ occurs when two identical measures of the topic are taken on two separate occasions and the results are the same or when two separate researchers administer a test and obtain the same results.

Accepted Answer

Test-retes

Question 15

Reliability can be tested in several methods, including test-retest reliability, intraobserver reliability, interitem reliability, and alternate-forms reliability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The Hawthorne effect and placebo effect are examples of reactivity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is false regarding intercoder reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intercoder reliability occurs when a multiple number of researches interview the same participant, but get different responses. 
B)  It is possible that researchers interpret the same participant's responses differently. 
C)  Intercoder reliability threat can occur only in qualitative research. 
D)  Intercoder reliability threat can be reduced with proper training and by utilizing research assistants who are motivated and conscience. 
A)  Intercoder reliability occurs when a multiple number of researches interview the same participant, but get different responses. 
B)  It is possible that researchers interpret the same participant's responses differently. 
C)  Intercoder reliability threat can occur only in qualitative research. 
D)  Intercoder reliability threat can be reduced with proper training and by utilizing research assistants who are motivated and conscience.

Question 18

History is the most difficult threat to internal validity because there is not much to mitigate its effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

__________ is when a respondent is given a "make believe" treatment but believes the effects are real.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is when a respondent is given...

Question 20

Natural disaster or climate change is the only example of history threatening internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

__________ is any changes in the respondent due to maturity, socialization, age, or education, which can influence the findings.

Diffusion of treatment in regards to validity and reliability means that the stimulus in an experiment was administered on time.

__________ addresses if a relationship between two variables is causal.

To determine reliability, researchers can take multiple questions when measuring the factor of interest, which is known as __________ reliability.

Which of the following is true regarding external validity?

What is the simplest solution to statistical regression?

__________ utilizes a well-established measure to compare to an alternative measure that together provides more predictability.

Higher values of Cronbach's alpha represent higher reliability of a certain scale or index.

__________ is a threat to the quality of a study when changes are made to the testing instrument.

Which of the following is false regarding maturation?

To reify something means to treat something that is not real as if it were real.

More than one threat to internal validity can occur simultaneously, which can be named confounding interactions.

Oftentimes a single measure may not provide a true measure of a variable. In this case, researchers can combine several different measures together.

__________ occurs when two identical measures of the topic are taken on two separate occasions and the results are the same or when two separate researchers administer a test and obtain the same results.

Reliability can be tested in several methods, including test-retest reliability, intraobserver reliability, interitem reliability, and alternate-forms reliability.

The Hawthorne effect and placebo effect are examples of reactivity.

Which of the following is false regarding intercoder reliability?

History is the most difficult threat to internal validity because there is not much to mitigate its effect.

__________ is when a respondent is given a "make believe" treatment but believes the effects are real.

Natural disaster or climate change is the only example of history threatening internal validity.

Why Research at All

The Stages of Research: A General Overview

Research Ethics

Qualitative Research Strategies

Research Designs and Survey Research

Mixed Methods

Sampling Strategies

Elementary and Intermediate Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Data Analysis

Beyond Research: An Aid to Writing Success

Filters

Exam 4: Validity and Reliability: Threats to Research Integrity

__________ is any changes in the respondent due to maturity, socialization, age, or education, which can influence the findings.

Diffusion of treatment in regards to validity and reliability means that the stimulus in an experiment was administered on time.

__________ addresses if a relationship between two variables is causal.

To determine reliability, researchers can take multiple questions when measuring the factor of interest, which is known as __________ reliability.

Which of the following is true regarding external validity?

What is the simplest solution to statistical regression?

__________ utilizes a well-established measure to compare to an alternative measure that together provides more predictability.

Higher values of Cronbach's alpha represent higher reliability of a certain scale or index.

__________ is a threat to the quality of a study when changes are made to the testing instrument.

Which of the following is false regarding maturation?

To reify something means to treat something that is not real as if it were real.

More than one threat to internal validity can occur simultaneously, which can be named confounding interactions.

Oftentimes a single measure may not provide a true measure of a variable. In this case, researchers can combine several different measures together.

__________ occurs when two identical measures of the topic are taken on two separate occasions and the results are the same or when two separate researchers administer a test and obtain the same results.

Reliability can be tested in several methods, including test-retest reliability, intraobserver reliability, interitem reliability, and alternate-forms reliability.

The Hawthorne effect and placebo effect are examples of reactivity.

Which of the following is false regarding intercoder reliability?

History is the most difficult threat to internal validity because there is not much to mitigate its effect.

__________ is when a respondent is given a "make believe" treatment but believes the effects are real.

Natural disaster or climate change is the only example of history threatening internal validity.

Why Research at All

The Stages of Research: A General Overview

Research Ethics

Qualitative Research Strategies

Research Designs and Survey Research

Mixed Methods

Sampling Strategies

Elementary and Intermediate Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Data Analysis

Beyond Research: An Aid to Writing Success

Filters