Question 1

Describe two specific ways in which house arrest can be penalizing for a white-collar offender.

Accepted Answer

Answers could include:
a. deprivation of autonomy: inmate loses control over life
b. deprivation of goods and services: major shift in lifestyle
c. deprivation of liberty: offenders lose rights
d. deprivation of heterosexual relations: social life is put on hold
e. monetary costs: offenders must pay costs of monitoring system
f. family effects: family faces reduced quality of life
g. watching others effect: have to watch others participate in activities
h. bracelet effects: monitor is felt as invasive

Question 2

Provide an argument for an alternative sanction versus imprisonment for white-collar criminals.

Accepted Answer

Answers should include:
Alternative sanctions include: shaming, loss of employment, community
service, and house arrest

Question 3

Which of the following demonstrates how community service is a beneficial sanction for white-collar offenders?

Accepted Answer

A)  White-collar offenders can serve their community service in a specialty area, like a medical clinic. 
B)  Community service places white-collar offenders in a group of traditional criminals and forces them to come to terms with their criminal status. 
C)  Community service allows the community time to heal as well. 
D)  White-collar offenders can serve their sentence anywhere they desire. 
A)  White-collar offenders can serve their community service in a specialty area, like a medical clinic. 
B)  Community service places white-collar offenders in a group of traditional criminals and forces them to come to terms with their criminal status. 
C)  Community service allows the community time to heal as well. 
D)  White-collar offenders can serve their sentence anywhere they desire. A

Question 4

A complex white-collar case is more likely to receive a lenient plea bargain than a straightforward case.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What problem is accompanying the growing prison sentences of white-collar offenders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Offenders are more likely to offend again or while in prison. 
B)  Offenders are being placed in higher-level-security prisons. 
C)  Offenders are less able to repay victims. 
D)  Offenders have difficulty adapting to the prison environment. 
A)  Offenders are more likely to offend again or while in prison. 
B)  Offenders are being placed in higher-level-security prisons. 
C)  Offenders are less able to repay victims. 
D)  Offenders have difficulty adapting to the prison environment.

Question 6

How does Gerber's 1994 study explain what is perceived by some to be unusually high sentences for white-collar offenders?

Accepted Answer

A)  White-collar offenders are sentenced according to federal guidelines. 
B)  A majority of white-collar offenders make it through the criminal justice process because there is substantial evidence against them, which leads to harsher sentences. 
C)  Only a small proportion of offenders receive extremely large prison sentences, raising the average dramatically and giving the perception that all white-collar offenders have particularly long sentences. 
D)  There are rarely high sentences for white-collar offenders who commit serious crimes when compared to conventional criminals. 
A)  White-collar offenders are sentenced according to federal guidelines. 
B)  A majority of white-collar offenders make it through the criminal justice process because there is substantial evidence against them, which leads to harsher sentences. 
C)  Only a small proportion of offenders receive extremely large prison sentences, raising the average dramatically and giving the perception that all white-collar offenders have particularly long sentences. 
D)  There are rarely high sentences for white-collar offenders who commit serious crimes when compared to conventional criminals.

Question 7

Offenders can fake their way into treatment programs they do not really need to get out of prison early.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is one problem that arises from the optimal penalty theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Offenders who have the ability to pay large fines don't go to prison. 
B)  There are no guidelines for determining the dollar amount for fines or ability to pay. 
C)  White-collar offenders often spend more time in prison than conventional criminals in addition to a fine. 
D)  White-collar offenders receive longer prison sentences because of their inability to pay a fine. 
A)  Offenders who have the ability to pay large fines don't go to prison. 
B)  There are no guidelines for determining the dollar amount for fines or ability to pay. 
C)  White-collar offenders often spend more time in prison than conventional criminals in addition to a fine. 
D)  White-collar offenders receive longer prison sentences because of their inability to pay a fine.

Question 9

How do some organizations view large fines that are imposed on their companies for white-collar crimes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are unfair to their customers. 
B)  Many see them as extremely punitive. 
C)  They are viewed as just a cost of doing business. 
D)  The cost of such fines can be passed on to investors. 
A)  They are unfair to their customers. 
B)  Many see them as extremely punitive. 
C)  They are viewed as just a cost of doing business. 
D)  The cost of such fines can be passed on to investors.

Question 10

Disintegrative shaming is effective because white-collar criminals want to minimize the harm done to their family.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

How do judges typically view using large fines as criminal sanctions for white-collar offenders?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's a fair way to punish white-collar offenders. 
B)  For some offenders, large fines could be worse than jail. 
C)  Money collected from criminal fines are not used properly. 
D)  Fines do not have a significant impact on offending. 
A)  It's a fair way to punish white-collar offenders. 
B)  For some offenders, large fines could be worse than jail. 
C)  Money collected from criminal fines are not used properly. 
D)  Fines do not have a significant impact on offending.

Question 12

The organizational guidelines for sentencing corporations have been applauded for determining sanctions based on organizational characteristics of the company.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In white-collar cases the attention is given more to the actor than the action.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How did the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 affect sentences for white-collar criminals?

Accepted Answer

A)  made them less strict 
B)  gave more offenders probation over prison 
C)  gave more offenders fines over prison 
D)  dramatically increased prison time for some white-collar crimes 
A)  made them less strict 
B)  gave more offenders probation over prison 
C)  gave more offenders fines over prison 
D)  dramatically increased prison time for some white-collar crimes

Question 15

What is it called if a white-collar offender uses a prison phone to commit a crime, like orchestrating a fraud scheme?

Accepted Answer

A)  jailstripe crime 
B)  rule violations 
C)  relapse 
D)  prison deviance 
A)  jailstripe crime 
B)  rule violations 
C)  relapse 
D)  prison deviance

Question 16

What is one reason described by criminologists why society punishes white-collar criminals?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehabilitation 
B)  victimization 
C)  justice 
D)  moral guideline 
A)  rehabilitation 
B)  victimization 
C)  justice 
D)  moral guideline

Question 17

How do criminologists view monetary fines as punishments for corporations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fines are useful when added onto other punishments, like probation 
B)  They are adequate punishment as long as the dollar amount is high enough 
C)  Fines are useful as punishments for corporations 
D)  They appear to be arbitrarily based on an organization's size or number of employees. 
A)  Fines are useful when added onto other punishments, like probation 
B)  They are adequate punishment as long as the dollar amount is high enough 
C)  Fines are useful as punishments for corporations 
D)  They appear to be arbitrarily based on an organization's size or number of employees.

Question 18

What is ironic about the short prison sentences white-collar offenders are likely to receive?

Accepted Answer

A)  The short sentences can still ruin their life and career. 
B)  With short sentences white-collar offenders are more likely to offend again when released or while in prison because they have the attitude that it can't get any worse. 
C)  Most depression and adjustment problems in prison occur in the first six months. 
D)  White-collar offenders are determined to rehabilitate themselves when they are released. 
A)  The short sentences can still ruin their life and career. 
B)  With short sentences white-collar offenders are more likely to offend again when released or while in prison because they have the attitude that it can't get any worse. 
C)  Most depression and adjustment problems in prison occur in the first six months. 
D)  White-collar offenders are determined to rehabilitate themselves when they are released.

Question 19

In criminal proceedings, judges take into consideration punishments already imposed on the offender by civil and administrative proceedings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Probation officers take white-collar criminals very seriously and monitor them to the fullest extent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Describe two specific ways in which house arrest can be penalizing for a white-collar offender.

Provide an argument for an alternative sanction versus imprisonment for white-collar criminals.

Which of the following demonstrates how community service is a beneficial sanction for white-collar offenders?

A complex white-collar case is more likely to receive a lenient plea bargain than a straightforward case.

What problem is accompanying the growing prison sentences of white-collar offenders?

How does Gerber's 1994 study explain what is perceived by some to be unusually high sentences for white-collar offenders?

Offenders can fake their way into treatment programs they do not really need to get out of prison early.

What is one problem that arises from the optimal penalty theory?

How do some organizations view large fines that are imposed on their companies for white-collar crimes?

Disintegrative shaming is effective because white-collar criminals want to minimize the harm done to their family.

How do judges typically view using large fines as criminal sanctions for white-collar offenders?

The organizational guidelines for sentencing corporations have been applauded for determining sanctions based on organizational characteristics of the company.

In white-collar cases the attention is given more to the actor than the action.

How did the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 affect sentences for white-collar criminals?

What is it called if a white-collar offender uses a prison phone to commit a crime, like orchestrating a fraud scheme?

What is one reason described by criminologists why society punishes white-collar criminals?

How do criminologists view monetary fines as punishments for corporations?

What is ironic about the short prison sentences white-collar offenders are likely to receive?

In criminal proceedings, judges take into consideration punishments already imposed on the offender by civil and administrative proceedings.

Probation officers take white-collar criminals very seriously and monitor them to the fullest extent.

Introduction and Overview of White-Collar Crime

Understanding White-Collar Crime

Crimes in Sales-Related Occupations

Crimes in the Health Care System

Crime in Systems of Social Control

Crime in the Political System

Crimes in the Educational System

Crime in the Economic System

Crimes in the Cyber System

Crimes by the Corporate System

Environmental Crime

Explaining White-Collar Crime

Policing White-Collar Crime

Judicial Proceedings and White-Collar Crime

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Exam 15: The Corrections Subsystem and White-Collar Crime

Describe two specific ways in which house arrest can be penalizing for a white-collar offender.

Provide an argument for an alternative sanction versus imprisonment for white-collar criminals.

Which of the following demonstrates how community service is a beneficial sanction for white-collar offenders?

A complex white-collar case is more likely to receive a lenient plea bargain than a straightforward case.

What problem is accompanying the growing prison sentences of white-collar offenders?

How does Gerber's 1994 study explain what is perceived by some to be unusually high sentences for white-collar offenders?

Offenders can fake their way into treatment programs they do not really need to get out of prison early.

What is one problem that arises from the optimal penalty theory?

How do some organizations view large fines that are imposed on their companies for white-collar crimes?

Disintegrative shaming is effective because white-collar criminals want to minimize the harm done to their family.

How do judges typically view using large fines as criminal sanctions for white-collar offenders?

The organizational guidelines for sentencing corporations have been applauded for determining sanctions based on organizational characteristics of the company.

In white-collar cases the attention is given more to the actor than the action.

How did the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 affect sentences for white-collar criminals?

What is it called if a white-collar offender uses a prison phone to commit a crime, like orchestrating a fraud scheme?

What is one reason described by criminologists why society punishes white-collar criminals?

How do criminologists view monetary fines as punishments for corporations?

What is ironic about the short prison sentences white-collar offenders are likely to receive?

In criminal proceedings, judges take into consideration punishments already imposed on the offender by civil and administrative proceedings.

Probation officers take white-collar criminals very seriously and monitor them to the fullest extent.

Introduction and Overview of White-Collar Crime

Understanding White-Collar Crime

Crimes in Sales-Related Occupations

Crimes in the Health Care System

Crime in Systems of Social Control

Crime in the Political System

Crimes in the Educational System

Crime in the Economic System

Crimes in the Cyber System

Crimes by the Corporate System

Environmental Crime

Explaining White-Collar Crime

Policing White-Collar Crime

Judicial Proceedings and White-Collar Crime

Filters