Question 1

___________ is the use of case comparison and analogy to reach moral conclusions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ is the use of case comparison...

Question 2

A problem noted by Beauchamp and Childress with the method of reflective equilibrium is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonexperts cannot practice this method of moral reasoning. 
B)  There is too much contradiction in the ethics literature when different thinkers who have explicitly used this method seem to come up with different claims. 
C)  The objectives of even a weak wide reflective equilibrium may be unattainable ideals of comprehensiveness and coherence. 
D)  Reflective equilibrium is not an appropriate method for reasoning about particular policies. 
A)  Nonexperts cannot practice this method of moral reasoning. 
B)  There is too much contradiction in the ethics literature when different thinkers who have explicitly used this method seem to come up with different claims. 
C)  The objectives of even a weak wide reflective equilibrium may be unattainable ideals of comprehensiveness and coherence. 
D)  Reflective equilibrium is not an appropriate method for reasoning about particular policies.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a criterion listed by Beauchamp and Childress for a good theory of authoritative beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consistency 
B)  Inalterability 
C)  Comprehensiveness 
D)  Argumentative support 
A)  Consistency 
B)  Inalterability 
C)  Comprehensiveness 
D)  Argumentative support

Question 4

What is a reason given by Beauchamp and Childress that a commitment to testing moral beliefs for coherence with other beliefs, experiences, and other factors in moral reasoning is not an inherently conservative approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testing beliefs for coherence will modify the ethical norms that thinkers begin with, such as nonmaleficence. 
B)  Testing moral beliefs against any given person's moral experience will lead to changes in those beliefs. 
C)  The method actually encourages constant improvement and advances in the moral life by encouraging innovative reformulations of moral beliefs. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Testing beliefs for coherence will modify the ethical norms that thinkers begin with, such as nonmaleficence. 
B)  Testing moral beliefs against any given person's moral experience will lead to changes in those beliefs. 
C)  The method actually encourages constant improvement and advances in the moral life by encouraging innovative reformulations of moral beliefs. 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT stated to be a problem for top-down models of ethical reasoning in Beauchamp and Childress's discussion?

Accepted Answer

A)  To make moral judgments in particular cases, norms must generally be specified and balanced, not simply applied. 
B)  The top-down model relies too heavily on its likeness to reasoning used in other fields, such as mathematics. 
C)  When presented with a case, ethical thinkers must select pertinent facts and rules, and selecting the right set of facts and rules is not reducible to a deductive form of judgment. 
D)  A top-down model creates a potentially infinite regress of justification because every level of appeal to a precept requires a further level to justify that precept. 
A)  To make moral judgments in particular cases, norms must generally be specified and balanced, not simply applied. 
B)  The top-down model relies too heavily on its likeness to reasoning used in other fields, such as mathematics. 
C)  When presented with a case, ethical thinkers must select pertinent facts and rules, and selecting the right set of facts and rules is not reducible to a deductive form of judgment. 
D)  A top-down model creates a potentially infinite regress of justification because every level of appeal to a precept requires a further level to justify that precept.

Question 6

One unresolved problem with the method of reflective equilibrium is that it is not always clear how to know when the effort to achieve reflective equilibrium is going well or when it has succeeded.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Reflective equilibrium that takes into account assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of the full body of all relevant and impartially formulated judgments, principles, theories, and facts is called _________ reflective equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reflective equilibrium that takes into account assessments...

Question 8

Why do Beauchamp and Childress consider the axiom "put the patient's interests first" to be a starting premise and not an absolute principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Family members' interests actually come first in ethical thinking about health care. 
B)  This rule must be made coherent with other considered judgments about ethical responsibilities. 
C)  Patients can advocate for their own interests, and health care providers must consider other concerns first. 
D)  This rule is too vague to serve as an absolute principle. 
A)  Family members' interests actually come first in ethical thinking about health care. 
B)  This rule must be made coherent with other considered judgments about ethical responsibilities. 
C)  Patients can advocate for their own interests, and health care providers must consider other concerns first. 
D)  This rule is too vague to serve as an absolute principle.

___________ is the use of case comparison and analogy to reach moral conclusions.

A problem noted by Beauchamp and Childress with the method of reflective equilibrium is:

Which of the following is NOT a criterion listed by Beauchamp and Childress for a good theory of authoritative beliefs?

What is a reason given by Beauchamp and Childress that a commitment to testing moral beliefs for coherence with other beliefs, experiences, and other factors in moral reasoning is not an inherently conservative approach?

Which of the following is NOT stated to be a problem for top-down models of ethical reasoning in Beauchamp and Childress's discussion?

One unresolved problem with the method of reflective equilibrium is that it is not always clear how to know when the effort to achieve reflective equilibrium is going well or when it has succeeded.

Reflective equilibrium that takes into account assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of the full body of all relevant and impartially formulated judgments, principles, theories, and facts is called _________ reflective equilibrium.

Why do Beauchamp and Childress consider the axiom "put the patient's interests first" to be a starting premise and not an absolute principle?

Moral Norms

Moral Character

Moral Status

Respect for Autonomy

Nonmaleficence

Beneficence

Justice

Professional-Patient Relationships

Moral Theories

Filters

Exam 10: Method and Moral Justification

___________ is the use of case comparison and analogy to reach moral conclusions.

A problem noted by Beauchamp and Childress with the method of reflective equilibrium is:

Which of the following is NOT a criterion listed by Beauchamp and Childress for a good theory of authoritative beliefs?

What is a reason given by Beauchamp and Childress that a commitment to testing moral beliefs for coherence with other beliefs, experiences, and other factors in moral reasoning is not an inherently conservative approach?

Which of the following is NOT stated to be a problem for top-down models of ethical reasoning in Beauchamp and Childress's discussion?

One unresolved problem with the method of reflective equilibrium is that it is not always clear how to know when the effort to achieve reflective equilibrium is going well or when it has succeeded.

Reflective equilibrium that takes into account assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of the full body of all relevant and impartially formulated judgments, principles, theories, and facts is called _________ reflective equilibrium.

Why do Beauchamp and Childress consider the axiom "put the patient's interests first" to be a starting premise and not an absolute principle?

Moral Norms

Moral Character

Moral Status

Respect for Autonomy

Nonmaleficence

Beneficence

Justice

Professional-Patient Relationships

Moral Theories

Filters