Question 1

The axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse in the two

Accepted Answer

A)  magnocellular layers. 
B)  parvocellular layers. 
C)  cortexes. 
D)  koniocellular layers. 
E)  lateral geniculate nuclei. 
A)  magnocellular layers. 
B)  parvocellular layers. 
C)  cortexes. 
D)  koniocellular layers. 
E)  lateral geniculate nuclei.

Question 2

Refer to the figure.
  The retinal ganglion cell pictured here would respond most strongly to which of the phases of the sine wave grating?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  The ganglion cell would respond equally well to all of these. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  The ganglion cell would respond equally well to all of these.

Question 3

Scientists study contrast sensitivity for sine wave gratings because

Accepted Answer

A)  patterns of stripes with fuzzy boundaries are common in the real world. 
B)  the eye is especially sensitive to sine wave gratings. 
C)  sine wave gratings involve no shadows. 
D)  sine wave gratings are easy to study. 
E)  contrast sensitivity is easy to study. 
A)  patterns of stripes with fuzzy boundaries are common in the real world. 
B)  the eye is especially sensitive to sine wave gratings. 
C)  sine wave gratings involve no shadows. 
D)  sine wave gratings are easy to study. 
E)  contrast sensitivity is easy to study.

Question 4

The tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  adapting to a pattern of a given orientation. 
B)  changing the direction of gaze. 
C)  tilting the head. 
D)  constantly moving the head. 
E)  spinning in circles for 30 seconds. 
A)  adapting to a pattern of a given orientation. 
B)  changing the direction of gaze. 
C)  tilting the head. 
D)  constantly moving the head. 
E)  spinning in circles for 30 seconds.

Question 5

In a referee's uniform, the number of white and black stripes per inch could be considered its

Accepted Answer

A)  phase. 
B)  spatial frequency. 
C)  amplitude. 
D)  wavelength. 
E)  angle. 
A)  phase. 
B)  spatial frequency. 
C)  amplitude. 
D)  wavelength. 
E)  angle.

Question 6

A _______ is a 1-mm block of striate cortex containing two sets of columns, each covering every possible orientation (0-180 degrees), with one set preferring input from the left eye and the other set preferring input from the right eye.

Accepted Answer

A)  V1 module 
B)  hypercolumn 
C)  CO blob 
D)  simple cell 
E)  complex cell 
A)  V1 module 
B)  hypercolumn 
C)  CO blob 
D)  simple cell 
E)  complex cell

Question 7

If an infant looks longer at a striped square than a gray square, what does that indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the stripes, and they are attracted to low contrast images. 
B)  The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the stripes, and they are attracted to high contrast images. 
C)  The infant's visual acuity is too low to perceive the stripes, but they do not like to look at gray squares. 
D)  The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the gray square, and they are repelled by gray squares. 
E)  You can't learn anything about infant perception based on where they like to look. 
A)  The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the stripes, and they are attracted to low contrast images. 
B)  The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the stripes, and they are attracted to high contrast images. 
C)  The infant's visual acuity is too low to perceive the stripes, but they do not like to look at gray squares. 
D)  The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the gray square, and they are repelled by gray squares. 
E)  You can't learn anything about infant perception based on where they like to look.

Question 8

Topographical mapping is the

Accepted Answer

A)  layout of the brain. 
B)  guide to the structures of the brain. 
C)  orderly mapping of the world in the LGN and visual cortex. 
D)  simultaneous mapping of two objects in the visual system. 
E)  mapping of gyri and sulci in the brain. 
A)  layout of the brain. 
B)  guide to the structures of the brain. 
C)  orderly mapping of the world in the LGN and visual cortex. 
D)  simultaneous mapping of two objects in the visual system. 
E)  mapping of gyri and sulci in the brain.

Question 9

If a movie projector is out of focus and the images on the screen are blurry, which spatial frequencies are missing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low frequencies 
B)  High frequencies 
C)  Horizontal frequencies 
D)  Vertical frequencies 
E)  Diagonal frequencies 
A)  Low frequencies 
B)  High frequencies 
C)  Horizontal frequencies 
D)  Vertical frequencies 
E)  Diagonal frequencies

Question 10

Why do vision scientists study sine wave gratings?

Accepted Answer

One reason is that sine wave gratings co

Question 11

In a line drawing of an object, which spatial frequencies are least represented?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low frequencies 
B)  High frequencies 
C)  Horizontal frequencies 
D)  Vertical frequencies 
E)  Diagonal frequencies 
A)  Low frequencies 
B)  High frequencies 
C)  Horizontal frequencies 
D)  Vertical frequencies 
E)  Diagonal frequencies

Question 12

The distance required for one full cycle of a repeating waveform is its

Accepted Answer

A)  phase. 
B)  sign. 
C)  amplitude. 
D)  wavelength. 
E)  angle. 
A)  phase. 
B)  sign. 
C)  amplitude. 
D)  wavelength. 
E)  angle.

Question 13

The tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond optimally to certain orientations and less to others is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial frequency. 
B)  spatial selection. 
C)  orientation tuning. 
D)  cortical magnification. 
E)  orientation agnosia. 
A)  spatial frequency. 
B)  spatial selection. 
C)  orientation tuning. 
D)  cortical magnification. 
E)  orientation agnosia.

Question 14

Which object would have the most neurons responding to it in striate cortex, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  An object in the periphery, because the periphery has greater cortical magnification than the fovea. 
B)  An object in the periphery, because the fovea has greater cortical magnification than the periphery. 
C)  An object in the fovea, because the periphery has greater cortical magnification than the fovea. 
D)  An object in the fovea, because the fovea has greater cortical magnification than the periphery. 
E)  An object in the periphery, because objects in the fovea are not processed by the striate cortex. 
A)  An object in the periphery, because the periphery has greater cortical magnification than the fovea. 
B)  An object in the periphery, because the fovea has greater cortical magnification than the periphery. 
C)  An object in the fovea, because the periphery has greater cortical magnification than the fovea. 
D)  An object in the fovea, because the fovea has greater cortical magnification than the periphery. 
E)  An object in the periphery, because objects in the fovea are not processed by the striate cortex.

Question 15

The diminishing response of a sense organ to a sustained stimulus is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  constant stimulation. 
B)  response decrease. 
C)  adaptation. 
D)  accommodation. 
E)  convergence. 
A)  constant stimulation. 
B)  response decrease. 
C)  adaptation. 
D)  accommodation. 
E)  convergence.

Question 16

Visual angle is a measure of the

Accepted Answer

A)  actual size of an object. 
B)  perceived size of an object. 
C)  angle between the observer and an object. 
D)  object's contrast divided by its spatial frequency. 
E)  size an object takes up on the retina. 
A)  actual size of an object. 
B)  perceived size of an object. 
C)  angle between the observer and an object. 
D)  object's contrast divided by its spatial frequency. 
E)  size an object takes up on the retina.

Question 17

The _______ function describes how spatial frequency and contrast interact to make a grating more or less visible.

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial frequency 
B)  contrast sensitivity 
C)  spatial layout 
D)  grating positioning 
E)  visual angle 
A)  spatial frequency 
B)  contrast sensitivity 
C)  spatial layout 
D)  grating positioning 
E)  visual angle

Question 18

The right visual field projects to the _______ half of each eye and then is analyzed by the LGN in the _______ hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  left; left 
B)  left; right 
C)  right; left 
D)  right; right 
E)  upper; lower 
A)  left; left 
B)  left; right 
C)  right; left 
D)  right; right 
E)  upper; lower

Question 19

_______ is an enzyme used to reveal the regular array of CO blobs, which are spaced about 0.5 mm apart in the primary visual cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromophore 
B)  Rhodopsin 
C)  Cytochrome oxidase 
D)  Carbon dioxide 
E)  Carbon monoxide 
A)  Chromophore 
B)  Rhodopsin 
C)  Cytochrome oxidase 
D)  Carbon dioxide 
E)  Carbon monoxide

Question 20

The difference in illumination between a figure and its background is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  contrast. 
B)  definition. 
C)  visual angle. 
D)  surround. 
E)  brightness. 
A)  contrast. 
B)  definition. 
C)  visual angle. 
D)  surround. 
E)  brightness.

The axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse in the two

Refer to the figure. The retinal ganglion cell pictured here would respond most strongly to which of the phases of the sine wave grating?

Scientists study contrast sensitivity for sine wave gratings because

The tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by

In a referee's uniform, the number of white and black stripes per inch could be considered its

A _______ is a 1-mm block of striate cortex containing two sets of columns, each covering every possible orientation (0-180 degrees), with one set preferring input from the left eye and the other set preferring input from the right eye.

If an infant looks longer at a striped square than a gray square, what does that indicate?

Topographical mapping is the

If a movie projector is out of focus and the images on the screen are blurry, which spatial frequencies are missing?

Why do vision scientists study sine wave gratings?

In a line drawing of an object, which spatial frequencies are least represented?

The distance required for one full cycle of a repeating waveform is its

The tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond optimally to certain orientations and less to others is known as

Which object would have the most neurons responding to it in striate cortex, and why?

The diminishing response of a sense organ to a sustained stimulus is referred to as

Visual angle is a measure of the

The _______ function describes how spatial frequency and contrast interact to make a grating more or less visible.

The right visual field projects to the _ half of each eye and then is analyzed by the LGN in the _ hemisphere.

_______ is an enzyme used to reveal the regular array of CO blobs, which are spaced about 0.5 mm apart in the primary visual cortex.

The difference in illumination between a figure and its background is known as

Introduction

The First Steps in Vision: From Light to Neural Signals

Perceiving and Recognizing Objects

The Perception of Color

Space Perception and Binocular Vision

Attention and Scene Perception

Visual Motion Perception

Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics

Hearing in the Environment

Music and Speech Perception

Vestibular Sensation

Touch

Olfaction

Taste

Filters

Exam 3: Spatial Vision: From Spots to Stripes

The axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse in the two

Refer to the figure. The retinal ganglion cell pictured here would respond most strongly to which of the phases of the sine wave grating?

Scientists study contrast sensitivity for sine wave gratings because

The tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by

In a referee's uniform, the number of white and black stripes per inch could be considered its

A _______ is a 1-mm block of striate cortex containing two sets of columns, each covering every possible orientation (0-180 degrees), with one set preferring input from the left eye and the other set preferring input from the right eye.

If an infant looks longer at a striped square than a gray square, what does that indicate?

Topographical mapping is the

If a movie projector is out of focus and the images on the screen are blurry, which spatial frequencies are missing?

Why do vision scientists study sine wave gratings?

In a line drawing of an object, which spatial frequencies are least represented?

The distance required for one full cycle of a repeating waveform is its

The tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond optimally to certain orientations and less to others is known as

Which object would have the most neurons responding to it in striate cortex, and why?

The diminishing response of a sense organ to a sustained stimulus is referred to as

Visual angle is a measure of the

The _______ function describes how spatial frequency and contrast interact to make a grating more or less visible.

The right visual field projects to the _______ half of each eye and then is analyzed by the LGN in the _______ hemisphere.

_______ is an enzyme used to reveal the regular array of CO blobs, which are spaced about 0.5 mm apart in the primary visual cortex.

The difference in illumination between a figure and its background is known as

Introduction

The First Steps in Vision: From Light to Neural Signals

Perceiving and Recognizing Objects

The Perception of Color

Space Perception and Binocular Vision

Attention and Scene Perception

Visual Motion Perception

Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics

Hearing in the Environment

Music and Speech Perception

Vestibular Sensation

Touch

Olfaction

Taste

Filters

The right visual field projects to the _ half of each eye and then is analyzed by the LGN in the _ hemisphere.