Exam 2: The First Steps in Vision: From Light to Neural Signals

Describe the various ways that our visual system adapts to darkness and allows us to see in low lighting conditions. Why are we said to have a "duplex retina"?

The light-sensitive membrane at the back of the eye that contains rods and cones is called the

There may be a third type of photoreceptor in the retina that helps regulate our sleep and wake cycles. What type of photopigment do these cells contain?

Light cannot be

The retina can be referred to as _______ because it contains rods and cones, which operate under different conditions.

Cones are most highly concentrated in which area of the retina?

The lateral pathway in the retina consists of horizontal cells and

The retina is analogous to the _______ in a camera.

The aqueous humor is a(n)

Rods are photoreceptors that are specialized for

Retinal cells that make connections with bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and other cells like themselves are called

In which area of the eye would you find midget bipolar cells?

Accommodation is the process during which the _______ of the eye changes its shape.

Which stimulus would optimally activate an ON-center ganglion cell?

In which area of the eye would you find diffuse bipolar cells?

The light energy from an object is _______ into neural energy that can be interpreted by the brain.

Refraction of a wave of energy means

In presbyopia, the lens becomes stiff with age and cannot change its shape. What is the perceptual consequence of this change?

In the fovea, single cones pass information to single ganglion cells via _______ cells.

Which of the following is a specialized retinal cell responsible for lateral inhibition?