Question 1

Which of the following is one of the techniques of neutralization in drift theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denial of injury 
B)  Denial of the victim 
C)  Appeal to higher loyalties 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Denial of injury 
B)  Denial of the victim 
C)  Appeal to higher loyalties 
D)  All of the above. D

Question 2

According to Matza, preparation and desperation activate the will for delinquency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

According to routine activities theory, three basic elements of the situation are necessary for crime or delinquency to occur. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motivated offenders 
B)  Absence of capable guardians 
C)  Suitable targets 
D)  Unstructured activities 
A)  Motivated offenders 
B)  Absence of capable guardians 
C)  Suitable targets 
D)  Unstructured activities D

Question 4

Drift theory incorporates three fundamental elements. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developing a "will" for delinquency 
B)  Subculture of delinquency and subterranean values 
C)  Absence of capable guardians 
D)  Techniques of neutralization 
A)  Developing a "will" for delinquency 
B)  Subculture of delinquency and subterranean values 
C)  Absence of capable guardians 
D)  Techniques of neutralization

Question 5

Subjective content of situations refers to characteristics of the immediate setting that provide opportunity for crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

McCarthy and Hagan's study of street youth found support for the view that _____________ leads to crime, especially street crimes.

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict with parents 
B)  homelessness 
C)  drug abuse 
D)  dropping out of school 
A)  conflict with parents 
B)  homelessness 
C)  drug abuse 
D)  dropping out of school

Question 7

McCarthy and Hagan's study of homeless youth found that the adverse situations of homelessness have strong direct effects on street crime. Which of the following was NOT one of the adverse situations that they studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hunger 
B)  Lack of shelter 
C)  Drug addiction 
D)  Unemployment 
A)  Hunger 
B)  Lack of shelter 
C)  Drug addiction 
D)  Unemployment

Question 8

Commitment to conformity is due in part to a desire to maintain valued relationships, especially the youth's relationship to parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Blocked goals and frustration are also identified as the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The statement, "I did it for the sake of my friends," reflects which technique of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Appeal to higher loyalties 
B)  Denial of the victim 
C)  Denial of injury 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  Appeal to higher loyalties 
B)  Denial of the victim 
C)  Denial of injury 
D)  None of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the five situational correlates of aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blocked goals 
B)  Physical or verbal provocation 
C)  Aggressive models 
D)  High levels of restraint 
A)  Blocked goals 
B)  Physical or verbal provocation 
C)  Aggressive models 
D)  High levels of restraint

Question 12

Paternoster's rational choice model includes which of the following considerations that enter into offending decisions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Affective ties 
B)  Opportunities 
C)  Formal sanctions 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Affective ties 
B)  Opportunities 
C)  Formal sanctions 
D)  All of the above.

Question 13

Proposing the concept of drift, Sykes and Matza point out that:

Accepted Answer

A)  criminal behavior is learned in much the same way that conformity is learned. 
B)  delinquents are not completely separated from the standards and expectations of conventional society. 
C)  criminality is a product of weak self-concept and poor esteem. 
D)  law is differentially applied, benefiting those who hold economic and social power and penalizing the powerlessness. 
A)  criminal behavior is learned in much the same way that conformity is learned. 
B)  delinquents are not completely separated from the standards and expectations of conventional society. 
C)  criminality is a product of weak self-concept and poor esteem. 
D)  law is differentially applied, benefiting those who hold economic and social power and penalizing the powerlessness.

Question 14

Matza offers two conditions that activate a will for delinquency: preparation and _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  isolation. 
B)  desperation. 
C)  accusation. 
D)  motivation. 
A)  isolation. 
B)  desperation. 
C)  accusation. 
D)  motivation.

Question 15

The suitability of targets depends on factors such as value of the object, physical visibility, and access.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Sykes and Matza believe that delinquents experience no guilt after committing illegal acts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to Laub and Sampson (2003), even though offending decisions are situated, offenders often put themselves in situations that are:

Accepted Answer

A)  conducive to crime. 
B)  logically irrelevant to crime. 
C)  materially beneficial. 
D)  self-benefiting. 
A)  conducive to crime. 
B)  logically irrelevant to crime. 
C)  materially beneficial. 
D)  self-benefiting.

Question 18

Which theory did Cohen and Felson develop to try to address the characteristics of the situation that influence the range of choices available to individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Status-frustration theory 
B)  Social bond theory 
C)  Routine activities theory 
D)  Drift theory 
A)  Status-frustration theory 
B)  Social bond theory 
C)  Routine activities theory 
D)  Drift theory

Question 19

The statement, "Police are corrupt, stupid, and brutal," reflects which technique of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denial of responsibility 
B)  Condemnation of the condemners 
C)  Appeal to high loyalties 
D)  Denial of injury 
A)  Denial of responsibility 
B)  Condemnation of the condemners 
C)  Appeal to high loyalties 
D)  Denial of injury

Question 20

Criminologist Raymond Paternoster conducted a study of the role of rational choice in all but which one of the following delinquent behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assault 
B)  Marijuana use 
C)  Petty theft 
D)  Vandalism 
A)  Assault 
B)  Marijuana use 
C)  Petty theft 
D)  Vandalism

Which of the following is one of the techniques of neutralization in drift theory?

According to Matza, preparation and desperation activate the will for delinquency.

According to routine activities theory, three basic elements of the situation are necessary for crime or delinquency to occur. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Drift theory incorporates three fundamental elements. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Subjective content of situations refers to characteristics of the immediate setting that provide opportunity for crime.

McCarthy and Hagan's study of street youth found support for the view that _____________ leads to crime, especially street crimes.

McCarthy and Hagan's study of homeless youth found that the adverse situations of homelessness have strong direct effects on street crime. Which of the following was NOT one of the adverse situations that they studied?

Commitment to conformity is due in part to a desire to maintain valued relationships, especially the youth's relationship to parents.

Blocked goals and frustration are also identified as the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

The statement, "I did it for the sake of my friends," reflects which technique of neutralization?

Which of the following is NOT one of the five situational correlates of aggression?

Paternoster's rational choice model includes which of the following considerations that enter into offending decisions?

Proposing the concept of drift, Sykes and Matza point out that:

Matza offers two conditions that activate a will for delinquency: preparation and _____________.

The suitability of targets depends on factors such as value of the object, physical visibility, and access.

Sykes and Matza believe that delinquents experience no guilt after committing illegal acts.

According to Laub and Sampson (2003), even though offending decisions are situated, offenders often put themselves in situations that are:

Which theory did Cohen and Felson develop to try to address the characteristics of the situation that influence the range of choices available to individuals?

The statement, "Police are corrupt, stupid, and brutal," reflects which technique of neutralization?

Criminologist Raymond Paternoster conducted a study of the role of rational choice in all but which one of the following delinquent behaviors?

The Study of Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice: Origins and Transformation

Measuring Delinquency

The Extent of Offenses

The Social Correlates of Offending and Victimization

Developmental Patterns of Offending

Biosocial Criminology

Social Control Theories: Family Relations

Social Learning Theories: Peer Group Influences

Social Structure Theories: Community, Strain, and Subcultures

Labeling and Critical Criminologies

Delinquency Prevention, Assessment, and Early Intervention

Contemporary Juvenile Justice

Filters

Exam 8: The Delinquent Event: Situational Aspects, Routine Activities, and Rational Choice

Which of the following is one of the techniques of neutralization in drift theory?

According to Matza, preparation and desperation activate the will for delinquency.

According to routine activities theory, three basic elements of the situation are necessary for crime or delinquency to occur. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Drift theory incorporates three fundamental elements. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Subjective content of situations refers to characteristics of the immediate setting that provide opportunity for crime.

McCarthy and Hagan's study of street youth found support for the view that _____________ leads to crime, especially street crimes.

McCarthy and Hagan's study of homeless youth found that the adverse situations of homelessness have strong direct effects on street crime. Which of the following was NOT one of the adverse situations that they studied?

Commitment to conformity is due in part to a desire to maintain valued relationships, especially the youth's relationship to parents.

Blocked goals and frustration are also identified as the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

The statement, "I did it for the sake of my friends," reflects which technique of neutralization?

Which of the following is NOT one of the five situational correlates of aggression?

Paternoster's rational choice model includes which of the following considerations that enter into offending decisions?

Proposing the concept of drift, Sykes and Matza point out that:

Matza offers two conditions that activate a will for delinquency: preparation and _____________.

The suitability of targets depends on factors such as value of the object, physical visibility, and access.

Sykes and Matza believe that delinquents experience no guilt after committing illegal acts.

According to Laub and Sampson (2003), even though offending decisions are situated, offenders often put themselves in situations that are:

Which theory did Cohen and Felson develop to try to address the characteristics of the situation that influence the range of choices available to individuals?

The statement, "Police are corrupt, stupid, and brutal," reflects which technique of neutralization?

Criminologist Raymond Paternoster conducted a study of the role of rational choice in all but which one of the following delinquent behaviors?

The Study of Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice: Origins and Transformation

Measuring Delinquency

The Extent of Offenses

The Social Correlates of Offending and Victimization

Developmental Patterns of Offending

Biosocial Criminology

Social Control Theories: Family Relations

Social Learning Theories: Peer Group Influences

Social Structure Theories: Community, Strain, and Subcultures

Labeling and Critical Criminologies

Delinquency Prevention, Assessment, and Early Intervention

Contemporary Juvenile Justice

Filters