Question 1

Burgess and Akers' social learning theory incorporates principles from behavioral learning theory, especially:

Accepted Answer

A)  the control group. 
B)  negative stimuli. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  the control group. 
B)  negative stimuli. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  classical conditioning. C

Question 2

Decker and Van Winkle contend that _____________ is probably the single most important aspect of gang culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  drug use 
B)  competition 
C)  violence 
D)  loyalty 
A)  drug use 
B)  competition 
C)  violence 
D)  loyalty C

Question 3

Differential association theory argues that delinquent behavior is:

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by social strain. 
B)  genetic. 
C)  learned. 
D)  the result of labeling. 
A)  caused by social strain. 
B)  genetic. 
C)  learned. 
D)  the result of labeling. C

Question 4

The tendency to seek out individuals like oneself is referred to as the consistent self perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Social learning theory refers to the attitudes and beliefs attached to behavior as:

Accepted Answer

A)  definitions. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  hyperbole. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  definitions. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  hyperbole. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 6

In the _____________ model of gang influence, youth who are already involved in delinquent acts are attracted to and recruited by gangs because the norms and values of the gang are consistent with their own.

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancement 
B)  social facilitation 
C)  group cohesion 
D)  socialization 
A)  enhancement 
B)  social facilitation 
C)  group cohesion 
D)  socialization

Question 7

Gang members commit more frequent, but less serious crimes, compared to delinquent youth who are not gang members.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Despite social scientists' strong interest in gangs, there is no widely agreed-upon definition of a gang.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Differential association theory is a social control theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

_____________ theory proposes that youth may engage in delinquency because they are imitating the behaviors of peers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social bond 
B)  Social learning 
C)  Self-control 
D)  Strain 
A)  Social bond 
B)  Social learning 
C)  Self-control 
D)  Strain

Question 11

Social learning theory extends differential association theory by considering how peers reward attitudes and behaviors. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  peer acceptance. 
C)  differential reinforcement. 
D)  latent affirmation. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  peer acceptance. 
C)  differential reinforcement. 
D)  latent affirmation.

Question 12

Gang members commit a disproportionate percentage of violent crimes, but not property crimes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Most research indicates that the friendships of delinquent youth, even seriously delinquent youth, are not very different from those of non-delinquent youth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Differential association theory is a theory of:

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning. 
B)  social control. 
C)  social bonding. 
D)  social strain. 
A)  social learning. 
B)  social control. 
C)  social bonding. 
D)  social strain.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding gender and peer-group influence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Males are more likely than females to be exposed to delinquent friends. 
B)  Females spend more time with friends than males do, and so are subjected to greater peer influence. 
C)  Females are more strongly affected by delinquent friends than males are. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
A)  Males are more likely than females to be exposed to delinquent friends. 
B)  Females spend more time with friends than males do, and so are subjected to greater peer influence. 
C)  Females are more strongly affected by delinquent friends than males are. 
D)  All of the above are true.

Question 16

Sutherland's differential association theory is stated in the form of _____________ propositions.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  7 
C)  8 
D)  9 
A)  6 
B)  7 
C)  8 
D)  9

Question 17

The view that gang values and expectations encourage gang members' involvement in crime is called the _____________ model of gang influence.

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancement 
B)  social facilitation 
C)  group cohesion 
D)  selection 
A)  enhancement 
B)  social facilitation 
C)  group cohesion 
D)  selection

Question 18

Control theories minimize the importance of peer-group influences, arguing that delinquency results from weak social bonds or lack of self-control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

_____________ theory contends that the mechanism for transmitting delinquent behavior is communication within peer groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Differential association 
B)  Social bond 
C)  Self-control 
D)  Strain 
A)  Differential association 
B)  Social bond 
C)  Self-control 
D)  Strain

Question 20

Research reveals that delinquent acts are committed most often in the company of peers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Burgess and Akers' social learning theory incorporates principles from behavioral learning theory, especially:

Decker and Van Winkle contend that _____________ is probably the single most important aspect of gang culture.

Differential association theory argues that delinquent behavior is:

The tendency to seek out individuals like oneself is referred to as the consistent self perspective.

Social learning theory refers to the attitudes and beliefs attached to behavior as:

In the _____________ model of gang influence, youth who are already involved in delinquent acts are attracted to and recruited by gangs because the norms and values of the gang are consistent with their own.

Gang members commit more frequent, but less serious crimes, compared to delinquent youth who are not gang members.

Despite social scientists' strong interest in gangs, there is no widely agreed-upon definition of a gang.

Differential association theory is a social control theory.

_____________ theory proposes that youth may engage in delinquency because they are imitating the behaviors of peers.

Social learning theory extends differential association theory by considering how peers reward attitudes and behaviors. This process is called:

Gang members commit a disproportionate percentage of violent crimes, but not property crimes.

Most research indicates that the friendships of delinquent youth, even seriously delinquent youth, are not very different from those of non-delinquent youth.

Differential association theory is a theory of:

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding gender and peer-group influence?

Sutherland's differential association theory is stated in the form of _____________ propositions.

The view that gang values and expectations encourage gang members' involvement in crime is called the _____________ model of gang influence.

Control theories minimize the importance of peer-group influences, arguing that delinquency results from weak social bonds or lack of self-control.

_____________ theory contends that the mechanism for transmitting delinquent behavior is communication within peer groups.

Research reveals that delinquent acts are committed most often in the company of peers.

The Study of Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice: Origins and Transformation

Measuring Delinquency

The Extent of Offenses

The Social Correlates of Offending and Victimization

Developmental Patterns of Offending

Biosocial Criminology

The Delinquent Event: Situational Aspects, Routine Activities, and Rational Choice

Social Control Theories: Family Relations

Social Structure Theories: Community, Strain, and Subcultures

Labeling and Critical Criminologies

Delinquency Prevention, Assessment, and Early Intervention

Contemporary Juvenile Justice

Filters

Exam 10: Social Learning Theories: Peer Group Influences

Burgess and Akers' social learning theory incorporates principles from behavioral learning theory, especially:

Decker and Van Winkle contend that _____________ is probably the single most important aspect of gang culture.

Differential association theory argues that delinquent behavior is:

The tendency to seek out individuals like oneself is referred to as the consistent self perspective.

Social learning theory refers to the attitudes and beliefs attached to behavior as:

In the _____________ model of gang influence, youth who are already involved in delinquent acts are attracted to and recruited by gangs because the norms and values of the gang are consistent with their own.

Gang members commit more frequent, but less serious crimes, compared to delinquent youth who are not gang members.

Despite social scientists' strong interest in gangs, there is no widely agreed-upon definition of a gang.

Differential association theory is a social control theory.

_____________ theory proposes that youth may engage in delinquency because they are imitating the behaviors of peers.

Social learning theory extends differential association theory by considering how peers reward attitudes and behaviors. This process is called:

Gang members commit a disproportionate percentage of violent crimes, but not property crimes.

Most research indicates that the friendships of delinquent youth, even seriously delinquent youth, are not very different from those of non-delinquent youth.

Differential association theory is a theory of:

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding gender and peer-group influence?

Sutherland's differential association theory is stated in the form of _____________ propositions.

The view that gang values and expectations encourage gang members' involvement in crime is called the _____________ model of gang influence.

Control theories minimize the importance of peer-group influences, arguing that delinquency results from weak social bonds or lack of self-control.

_____________ theory contends that the mechanism for transmitting delinquent behavior is communication within peer groups.

Research reveals that delinquent acts are committed most often in the company of peers.

The Study of Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice: Origins and Transformation

Measuring Delinquency

The Extent of Offenses

The Social Correlates of Offending and Victimization

Developmental Patterns of Offending

Biosocial Criminology

The Delinquent Event: Situational Aspects, Routine Activities, and Rational Choice

Social Control Theories: Family Relations

Social Structure Theories: Community, Strain, and Subcultures

Labeling and Critical Criminologies

Delinquency Prevention, Assessment, and Early Intervention

Contemporary Juvenile Justice

Filters